300 Articles
Mahani Bte Mokhtar, Zhu Yanxi
Sino-foreign cooperative programs, both in China and internationally, represent a significant strategy for the internationalization of higher education. Nonetheless, cross-border learners have numerous learning issues, and their practical experience is remain underexplored that needs to be studied deeper. This research paper will seek to probe into the learning challenges of the students on cooperative programs in detail. A qualitative research design was employed to interview 24 cooperative student participants in semi-structured interviews. The thematic analysis approach as suggested by Braun and Clarke was used to code and analyze the data. Using the thematic approach, three central themes were identified: (1) The "dual gate" of academic adjustment: Students experience a combination of problems, which is both a feature of surface challenges and deep discontinuities; (2) The "breakdown band" of project support: The project is characterized by the structural failures, creating a feature of discontinuities both on the surface and in depth; (3) The suspension of value expectations: Students remain unaware of how the cumulative lack of systematic support and difficulties in individual adaptation collectively contribute to the learning problems they experience in cooperative educational programs. It is suggested to establish an academic transition course, frequent guidance, and value communication channel so as to assist students to get through the confusion in the transitional stage.
Dr. Kendre T.E., K. Laxman Raathod
The purpose of the present study was to compare anthropometric characteristics and physical fitness parameters among rural and urban volleyball players in Telangana. A total of 60 male volleyball players (30 rural and 30 urban), aged between 18–25years, were selected randomly. Anthropometric variables such as height, weight, and BMI, and physical fitness parameters including speed, agility, vertical jump, and endurance were measured. Independent t-test was used to determine the significant differences between groups. The results revealed significant differences in agility, vertical jump, and endurance, favoring rural players, while urban players showed better BMI and speed performance. The study concludes that environmental and lifestyle factors influence performance variables.
M. Mogana, V. Gnanasowndharya
Introduction: Children grow, develop, and learn throughout their lives, starting at birth. School children plays, learns, speaks, and acts offers important clues about his or her development. Nurse can help child's development by providing a safe and loving home. The most common issues among the school children is eating of junk foods. The most common and frequent ill effects of junk foods on health is obesity, memory loss, and poor concentrations. The common cause of intake of junk food is the advertisement, taste and colorful appearance. Statement Of the Problem: A study to assess the knowledge on ill effects of junk foods among students at selected school in Puducherry. Objectives Of The Study: • To assess the level of knowledge regarding junk foods among students(11-13 years) in a selected school. • To determine the harmful effects of junk foods among students(11-13 years) • To associate the effectiveness of knowledge score among the students (11-13years) with their selected demographicvariables. Research Methodology:The design adopted was non experimental research design. The population of the study is eighth standard school students. The study sample was school children of age group 11-13 years. The period of data collection was one week. Totally 30 school students in a selected school was selected by convenient sampling technique. The data was gathered and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistical method and interpretations were made on the basis of the objectives of the study. Result: 1) By using frequency and percentage wise distribution of knowledge regarding ill effects of junk foods on health among school children reveals that out of 30 students, 2(6.7%) have inadequate knowledge, 28(93.3%) have moderate knowledge and 0(0%) have adequate knowledge. 2) The findings reveal that their mean and standard deviation values are 14.6 and 2.66 respectively. 3) By using association of knowledge regarding ill effects of junk food on health among school children with their selected demographic variables shows that statistically significant association with religion, junk food as breakfast, check nutritive value, aware of chemical present and amount spent for junk food per week. There was no association between demographic variables such as age of the child, gender, reason for junk food consumption, favorite junk food and frequency of junk food per week. Recommendations Based on findings of the present study, the following recommendations have been made, • A study could be conducted with larger size. • A similar study could be performed for a longer duration. • This study could also be conducted as a comparative study using post experimental test. • The study can be done as a quasi-experimental design.
Esthyre Kate A. Bayangan
The commission of cybercrimes in the advent of technological advances, industrialization, and globalization is inevitable. This is one of the prevailing challenges in universities that must be addressed. Using a quantitative, descriptive, comparative method, this study endeavored to bring out baseline information on the vulnerability of SMU students as offenders of cybercrimes. The findings included profile variables such as gender, year level, school, and frequency of Internet use. This study was dominated by female respondents, with almost equal distribution in terms of year level and the considerable proportion concerning school, and most of the respondents had a frequency of Internet use between 4 – 8 hours. Further, findings showed that SMU students had a very low probability of committing cybercrime: 1) Offenses against confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data systems; 2) Content-related offenses; and 3) Computer-related offenses. Lastly, gender affects the responses of SMU students in terms of offenses against confidentiality, integrity, and availability of computer data systems and content-related offenses but not in computer-related offenses. Only the responses between First- and fourth-year students vary for the year level. Meanwhile, the school of the respondents influences the responses of students but not the frequency of Internet use. The researchers recommend enhancing and expanding policies and guidelines in Internet use and virtual learning to include safe browser systems. For future research, it is highly recommended to look at the side of the victims and not only the vulnerability of becoming offenders.
Edward Ryan F. Gulam, Mary Ann C. Ortiza, Reyjeth Lanquibo, Rheamarie Jo V. Cerbo
This study examined the effectiveness of explicit teaching and integration approaches on the academic performance of learners with learning disabilities (LD) in Caraga North District. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research design, the study involved 60 purposively selected learners identified with learning disabilities from selected schools. Data were collected through pretest and posttest assessments in reading, writing, and mathematics, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired-sample t-tests and independent-sample t-tests). Findings revealed that both instructional approaches significantly improved learners’ academic performance. However, explicit teaching demonstrated slightly higher gains, with large effect sizes, indicating its strong effectiveness in enhancing structured learning outcomes. The integration approach also yielded significant improvements, particularly in promoting learner engagement and participation. Comparative analysis showed statistically significant differences favoring explicit teaching across all academic areas. The study concludes that while both approaches are effective, explicit teaching serves as a more powerful strategy for improving academic performance, especially when combined with integration techniques. It is recommended that teachers receive regular training in evidence-based instructional strategies, and that schools ensure the availability of adequate instructional materials and manageable class sizes to support inclusive education. Future studies are encouraged to expand the sample size, include additional variables, and provide further empirical evidence to strengthen the generalizability of findings.
Muhammad Ghali Aliyu, Muktar Danlami, Sapiee Jamel
Iris recognition has rapidly advanced due to deep learning and hybrid models that have transformed feature extraction and identification processes. However, research remains scattered across various subfields, necessitating a systematic synthesis. This bibliometric and systematic review explores recent developments in iris feature extraction and recognition by analyzing literature published over the past seven years. Using bibliometric mapping, the study identifies leading authors, journals, and collaborative networks shaping the discourse. Technological advancements, including non-segmentation deep learning models, attention-based mechanisms, cross-spectral recognition, and hybrid approaches integrating periocular features, are critically examined. Additionally, the review highlights emerging challenges such as recognition in unconstrained environments, post-mortem scenarios, mobile device adaptation, and presentation attack resilience. Results reveal significant progress alongside persistent research gaps, particularly in the areas of cross-domain generalization. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights and outlines future research directions, guiding scholars and practitioners in advancing iris biometric systems toward greater robustness, scalability, and adaptability across constrained and unconstrained operational environments.
Ace Gerome M. Niño
Due to the failure in transitioning from traditional film to digital technology, Kodak, was once named a leader in the industry of photography. Despite developing digital camera, this company was reluctant to adopt and pursue digital innovation because of fears of damaging its profitable business film. This reluctance brought the company into abyss of business failure as their competitors adopted the digital photography market—stemming from a fear of cannibalizing its 70% market share in global film—led to an avoidable business failure. Kodak could have addressed this hurdle by adopting a diversified digital strategy (e.g., investing in R&D, a dedicated segment for digital transformation, and business partnership with other company pioneer in digitalization) at time it was first introduce to the market. Acceptance of digital innovation, while progressively phasing out traditional film products, would have better placed Kodak to compete in the embryonic market. Kodak’s internal resistance to change and heavy dependence on legacy products, which highlights critical lessons in innovation strategy, made it difficult for them to adapt to digital trends. As mentioned in the study of disruptive innovation by Christensen’s theory which underscore the need for traditional firms to embrace new technologies proactively. Evidence found that companies, like Canon and Sony, focus on flexible and responsive approaches to emerging technologies were able to capture material market share in digital photography unlike Kodal who fell behind. The journey in business of Kodak emphasizes how important adaptability is, in the world of disruptive technology. Those firms in similar situations should invest in future technologies and foster an innovation-driven culture regardless how it will impact the legacy products. This mirrors an opportunity towards long-term sustainability and profitability.
Amygail P. Quilang
This study aimed to examine the experiences, competency levels, pedagogical skills, and challenges of MAPEH teachers in teaching performing arts in the San Guillermo District, Division of Isabela during the School Year 2025–2026. Specifically, it sought to determine the respondents’ profile, their experiences in performing arts, level of competency, pedagogical competencies, and the problems they encountered in teaching performing arts. The study utilized the descriptive research method, employing a structured questionnaire to gather data from twenty (20) MAPEH teachers. Findings revealed that most respondents were within the age range of 20–39 years old, predominantly female, and mostly holding Teacher III positions, with the majority having completed a bachelor’s degree and some units in graduate studies. In terms of experiences, the respondents actively participated in various performing arts activities such as dance, music, and theater at different levels, primarily at the school level, with some reaching district, provincial, and higher levels. The results further showed that the respondents perceived themselves as competent in teaching performing arts, with an overall weighted mean interpreted as “Agree,” while specific competencies such as appreciation of performing arts were rated as “Strongly Agree.” Similarly, their pedagogical competencies were rated as “Agree,” indicating that teachers demonstrate effective teaching strategies, such as encouraging student participation and relating lessons to cultural contexts. However, despite these positive findings, the study identified significant challenges, particularly the lack of facilities, equipment, and instructional materials, as well as difficulties related to students’ slow learning pace in performing arts. Moreover, the respondents strongly agreed on the need for interventions, such as providing venues for showcasing talents and creating collaborative opportunities among teachers to share best practices. These findings imply that while teachers possess the necessary competencies and experiences, the effectiveness of teaching performing arts is largely influenced by the availability of resources and institutional support. In conclusion, the study highlights that MAPEH teachers in the San Guillermo District are generally competent and experienced in teaching performing arts; however, addressing resource-related challenges and strengthening support systems are essential to further enhance the quality of instruction and student learning outcomes.
Dr. Wing Cheung TANG, Ir Dr Assoc Professor Samuel Kwok Piu LIP
This conceptual synthesis analyses the interplay between China's declared policy of peaceful development, the notion of strategic tolerance, and the pragmatic rationale of non-provocative defence. Utilising defensive realism, security dilemma theory, deterrence theory, and just war traditions, the analysis assesses a series of propositions derived from a practitioner-oriented defence document. The synthesis contends that China's stance (prioritizing non-intervention, mutual respect, and the prevention of nuclear escalation) does not exclude but rather necessitates credible, low-cost territorial defence mechanisms. Three fundamental assertions are integrated: firstly, that China's peaceful policy fulfils both normative and strategic roles in a multipolar context; secondly, that tolerance, when accurately interpreted, represents a calculated restraint aimed at averting catastrophic conflict rather than indicating weakness; thirdly, that essential, geographically tailored defence measures (including natural barriers, water obstacles, missile interception systems, and minimal submarine-based deterrence) can deter potential aggressors without instigating arms races. The analysis reveals substantial deficiencies: the lack of empirical validation, insufficient operational specifics concerning "low-cost" defence architectures, unresolved conflicts between tolerance and effective deterrence, and the scarcity of quantitative data. The synthesis concludes by delineating a research agenda for defensive realism amid escalating great-power competition.
Raul Jess B. Apsay
This study examined the relationship between workload and stress levels among selected office employees in the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Palauig, Zambales. Guided by the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) framework, a quantitative correlational design was employed involving 30 randomly selected employees from the Municipal Treasurer’s Office, Municipal Accounting Office, Municipal Budget Office, and Business Permit and Licensing Office. Workload was measured using the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), while stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Findings revealed that employees experienced a high level of mental workload, particularly in cognitive tasks such as analysis, decision-making, and task concentration. Despite this, stress levels were generally moderate, indicating that employees are able to manage job demands but still experience periodic psychological strain. Results further showed no significant differences in workload and stress when grouped according to office assignment, age, sex, length of service, and employment status, suggesting a uniform distribution of job demands across respondent categories. The study concludes that while employees are exposed to substantial cognitive workload, stress levels remain manageable and consistent across groups. These findings highlight the need for sustained organizational strategies to support employee well-being and workload management in local government settings
Aradhya Gupta, Farheen Siddiqui, Satyam Patel
This paper presents a modern, full-stack web-based architecture for real-time Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite tracking and visualization. Traditional desktop-based satellite tracking software suffers from limited accessibility, poor cross-platform compatibility, and high computational overhead. To address these limitations, we propose a comprehensive system integrating FastAPI for backend processing, React for frontend development, and CesiumJS for 3D orbital visualization. The system leverages Two-Line Element (TLE) datasets from Celestrak to perform precise orbital mechanics calculations, converting satellite position data into geographic coordinates accessible through a responsive web interface. Performance evaluation demonstrates real-time tracking capabilities with sub-200ms latency, supporting visualization of 100+ simultaneous satellites with stable frame rates. The proposed architecture achieves a 77% latency improvement over traditional approaches through asynchronous processing and intelligent caching strategies [1]. This work contributes a scalable, low-latency solution for space situational awareness, amateur radio coordination, and space debris monitoring accessible to researchers and enthusiasts worldwide.
Anmar Sami Al-Rikabi
The agricultural system, which one of the basic pillars affects food production for the population and fodder for animals and the main engine of industrial. The model associated with commercial farming pays attention to selected crops as per the various relevant conditions of the natural and human environment. This process helps increase the area under cultivation and the volume of production. The used study descriptive and analytical that used quantitative data to enrich scientific knowledgde and widen the horizons. The study aims to follow the development and organization of methods that help enable agricultural development. Research shows that climate factors such as temperature, evaporation and low rainfall constraint agricultural expansion. Agricultural patterns and productivity will be increasingly influenced by human factors (e.g. the choice of irrigation method, and land ownership). The climate data was of 2024 as it had the complete climate record & recent climatic record and also prevailed climatic reality. The research results proved that most of the research in brief is mainly directed towards local consumption, with a lack of diversity, for large areas of interest in agriculture within administrative units. It also showed that agriculture generally suffers from dry climatic conditions, which can lead to aridity, resulting in weak production and exploitation of agricultural crops. Geographical limitation of the study is Muthanna Governorate in southern Iraq. The governorate is situated between latitudes 31°17' and 30°12’ N and longitudes 41°13' and 37°13' E. The total area of the samawa province is 51,402 kilometers squared or about 11% of Iraq. According to Map 1, Al-Muthanna Governorate shares an international border with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Kawu Ahidjo Abdulkadiri, Oderinde Gbadebo Afeez, Sanni Adijat Tope
Background: Nigeria’s deregulated economy, initiated in 2023 through fuel subsidy removal and exchange rate unification, has fundamentally altered the fiscal environment with significant implications for healthcare financing. This study develops a mathematical model to quantify the relationship between deregulation‑induced macroeconomic changes and healthcare funding outcomes. Methods: A system dynamics model incorporating macroeconomic and fiscal variables was constructed using ordinary differential equations. The model integrates oil revenue, non‑oil revenue, exchange rate, inflation, fiscal deficit, and healthcare allocation. Data from 2020–2025 were used for parameter estimation. Sensitivity analysis and scenario modeling assessed policy impacts. Results: The model reveals a structural break in healthcare funding dynamics post‑deregulation. The derived equation H = αR_total + βΔER + γπ + δFD demonstrates that a 10% naira depreciation reduces real healthcare spending by 6.2% (p<0.001). Under moderate shock scenarios, projected healthcare funding shortfalls range from ₦380–620 billion annually. The model identifies an optimal fiscal rule: allocating 15% of oil windfall revenues to a Health Stabilization Fund would reduce funding volatility by 42% (95% CI: 35–49%). Sensitivity analysis shows health outcomes are most responsive to primary healthcare funding (elasticity 0.68) compared to tertiary care (0.31). The post‑deregulation coefficient for health share of oil revenue decreased from 0.038 to 0.032 (p=0.02), reflecting competing expenditure priorities. Conclusion: Mathematical modeling demonstrates that deregulation creates competing fiscal pressures on healthcare funding through exchange rate effects, inflationary erosion, and competing expenditure priorities. The findings support establishment of a Health Stabilization Fund linked to oil windfall revenues and constitutional guarantees for primary healthcare funding.
Romeo D. Lim, DBA
This mixed-methods study assessed the implementation and challenges of green initiatives among selected staycation properties in Quezon City. Quantitative data were collected from 60 respondents, including local government unit (LGU) employees, staycation property employees, and guests, while qualitative data were collected through interviews with hotel managers and LGU environmental officers. Findings revealed that green initiatives such as recycling programs, waste reduction, and composting were generally practiced (overall mean = 3.45), with recycling ranking highest (mean = 3.82) and renewable energy use lowest (mean = 3.06). ANOVA results (F = 0.33, p > 0.05) showed no significant difference among respondent groups, indicating shared perceptions of sustainability implementation. Qualitative insights highlighted operational barriers, including limited budgets for renewable energy systems, inconsistent monitoring mechanisms, and minimal guest participation in eco-friendly programs. The study was grounded in the Triple Bottom Line Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Systems Approach, which together explain the environmental, behavioral, and managerial dimensions of sustainability. It concludes that while sustainability is recognized as a valuable operational goal, its effectiveness depends on organizational commitment and systemic support. Recommendations include LGU–hotel collaborations, continuous sustainability audits, guest engagement strategies, and the use of digital monitoring tools to promote accountability. The study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 11, 12, and 13 on sustainable cities, responsible consumption, and climate action.
Jesus Q. Delos Santos III, EdD, Vivian L. Dedace, EdD
This study focused on the retirement experiences, challenges, and coping mechanisms of retired educators. Purposely chosen ten participants- 5 retired principals and 5 retired teachers, from Quezon Province, were involved in the study, who shared their stories using semi-structured life-story interviews. This qualitative narrative inquiry, grounded in design and narrative thematic analysis, presents findings that depict retirement as a multidimensional transition characterized by mixed emotions, including relief, loneliness, and uncertainty. Retired educators engaged in community service, religious activities, mentoring, and part-time jobs to find new purpose while experiencing the loss of professional roles and rebuilding their identities. Some faced financial challenges, tried new livelihoods, and relied on family support to maintain economic stability and plan and manage resources amid various issues. They also enhanced resilience and a sense of belonging through social groups, especially peers, family, and church. This study highlights the importance of proactive retirement planning across all aspects of life. It is recommended that a narrative-based training manual be created to assist teachers in their planning for a meaningful life after retirement.
Alvin M. Nieva, Annabel D. Quilon, Noel D. Santander
The focus of this review is The Benedictine Rule of Leadership, written by Galbraith & Galbraith (2004). It seeks to explore how a leadership framework dating back several centuries can remain relevant in present-day contexts. Based on the Rule of St. Benedict, the research highlights five central leadership principles: vision and purpose, empowerment and growth, culture and community, humility and integrity, and problem-solving and fairness. In a scoping literature review, thematic analysis was applied to academic sources found regarding the relationship between these principles and present-day ideas about leadership, such as servant leadership, ethical leadership, and authentic leadership. As shown by the findings, the Benedictine approach to leadership represents not only an interesting historical phenomenon but also a highly practical leadership ideology based on the interrelationship between ethics, personal integrity, and sustainable development. Although rooted in religion, this approach has universal applicability to various organizational settings where the establishment of trust, motivation, and stability is crucial. As can be seen, the relevance of this approach to modern organizational reality cannot be ignored, although there are potential limitations and challenges of applying Benedictine leadership in diverse, secular, or multicultural organizations.
Chavez, Felix Jr. C, Doan, Ngoc Dan
This study examined the relationships among teaching strategies, learning styles, motivation and attitudes of students toward mathematics. Using a quantitative research design, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to determine the levels of these variables and develop a structural model explaining their interrelationships. It was conducted among 380 grade 11 students from selected private senior high school institutions in Region XI, Philippines. Descriptive statistics revealed that teaching strategies were practiced at a high level, with teacher-centered strategies more prevalent than student-centered approaches. Learning styles were also rated as high, with visual style being the most preferred, followed by kinesthetic and auditory styles. Students’ motivation in learning mathematics was rated as moderate, with intrinsic value, self-regulation, and utility value rated high, while self-efficacy was moderate and test anxiety remained a concern. Students’ attitudes toward mathematics were also moderate, implying that although they generally value mathematics and exert effort in learning it, limited confidence and test anxiety may hinder stronger positive attitudes. Correlation analysis showed that teaching strategies and motivation had positive correlation with students’ attitudes toward mathematics, while learning styles showed a negative relationship, suggesting that different learning styles may influence students’ attitudes toward mathematics differently, depending on how they engage and perceive mathematical information. Moreover, the best-fit model demonstrated that motivation plays a dominant role in forming students’ attitude toward mathematics, followed by learning styles. On the other hand, teaching strategies can indirectly influence student’s attitudes by fostering motivation and learning styles.
Hua Rong, Pavani Malaa Meganathan
In recent years, the need to enhance the quality of vocational education in China has intensified, particularly in the training of preschool teacher trainees. As a critical component of pre-service teacher training, the quality of educational internships directly impacts trainees’ teaching performance. This study conducts a systematic literature review to examine the effects of the Orff and Dalcroze music pedagogical approaches on the teaching performance of preschool teacher trainees in vocational colleges. Relevant domestic and international studies published between 2010 and 2025 were analysed using thematic synthesis. The findings indicate that both approaches significantly enhance trainees’ instructional competence, particularly in promoting classroom interactivity, improving the ability to engage and guide young learners, and fostering creativity and adaptability in lesson design. However, implementation differences exist; the Orff approach is easier to master initially due to its structured framework and tool support, while the Dalcroze method demands higher musical literacy and improvisational skills, presenting greater implementation challenges. Additionally, the study also identified key factors influencing pedagogical effectiveness, including trainees’ theoretical foundations, skill levels, reflective abilities, and the adequacy of external support systems. Based on these findings, the study recommends, optimising pedagogical training models, strengthening practical guidance and resource provision, enhancing trainees’ professional competencies, and prioritising localised adaptation of teaching methods. The study’s significance lies in offering theoretical support and practical guidance for early childhood educator training, advancing the quality development of early childhood education programmes, and contributing to the overall professional competence of early childhood educators.
Burhan Niode, Leonardus Ricky Rengkung, Stella Maria Paendong, Very Y. Londa
In today’s rapidly evolving and disruptive business environment, organizations are increasingly challenged to generate and maintain competitive advantage. This study presents a comprehensive literature review about absorptive capacity—defined as a firm’s ability to acquire and assimilate external knowledge, as potential absorptive capacity, to transform and exploit new knowledge, as realized absorptive capacity—related to competitive advantage, by synthesizing prior research from strategic knowledge management perspectives. The review identifies key themes, theoretical foundations, and empirical findings that link absorptive capacity to competitive advantage. The study explores how firms leverage absorptive capacity to adapt to disruptions, foster and improve competitive performance of firm. It highlights the relationship between knowledge acquisition processes and organizational performance, emphasizing that firms with strong absorptive capacity are better positioned to anticipate changes and respond effectively. The study also discusses key determinants of absorptive capacity, including organizational learning, prior knowledge, and knowledge-sharing mechanisms. Findings suggest that absorptive capacity strengthens resilience and long-term competitiveness in uncertain environments. The paper concludes by offering managerial implications for building and sustaining absorptive capacity as a strategic asset in the context of disruptive business environment.
Jonathan A. Bermas Jr
This quantitative descriptive-correlational study assessed the levels of adaptability, resilience, and emotional intelligence among police trainees of the Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PSBRC) 2024-01 at the National Headquarters/National Support Unit Police Training Center (NHQ-NSUs PTC) under the Philippine National Police (PNP). A total of 169 trainees participated in the survey using standardized instruments: the Individual Adaptability Measure (I-ADAPT-M), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-25), and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS).
Caironisah C. Regaro
This study examined the perspectives, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of college students toward the use of ChatGPT in academic writing. Anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model and the Theory of Planned Behavior, the study employed a mixed-methods descriptive–correlational design using survey questionnaires and focus group discussions. The study was conducted among 152 college students at IQRA Development Academy Inc. Results showed high perceived usefulness (M = 4.50), particularly in idea generation, writing improvement, and task efficiency. Perceived ease of use was also high (M = 4.38), indicating that ChatGPT is accessible, although effective use requires skill in prompt construction. Students demonstrated positive attitudes (M = 4.32) and favorable behavioral intentions (M = 4.25) toward using ChatGPT in academic writing. Spearman’s rho revealed significant moderate positive relationships between behavioral intention and perceived usefulness (ρ = .511, p < .05) and perceived ease of use (ρ = .489, p < .05). Qualitative findings supported the quantitative results. Students reported benefits such as improved grammar, clearer organization of ideas, increased confidence, and time efficiency. However, concerns were raised regarding plagiarism, overreliance, and the accuracy of AI-generated content. Participants emphasized the need for institutional guidance, training, and clear policies.
Abdul Muhaimin Abd Wahid, Muhammad Hafizuddin Mustaffa, Norazlin Mat Salleh, Siti Nurhayati Hussin, Syarifah Nur Nazihah Syed Jamalulil
The adoption of digital technologies in construction measurement and estimation has become increasingly important in enhancing accuracy, efficiency, and overall project performance within the Malaysian construction industry. Despite these benefits, the industry continues to face several challenges, including reliance on traditional practices, high implementation costs, lack of skilled personnel, and resistance to organisational change. This study aims to identify effective strategies to support the successful adoption of digital technologies in construction measurement and estimation. A quantitative research approach was employed, involving a structured questionnaire survey distributed to quantity surveyors in Selangor. A total of 116 valid responses were obtained, representing a response rate of 49.15%. The collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) based on a 5-point Likert scale. The findings reveal that enhancing skills development and training is the most critical strategy for facilitating digital adoption. This is followed by other significant strategies, including strengthening government policies and financial incentives, increasing investment in research and development (R&D), standardising processes and systems, and promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing among industry stakeholders. The results emphasise the importance of human capital development and strong institutional support in overcoming existing barriers. In conclusion, the study highlights the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to accelerate digital transformation in construction measurement and estimation. The implementation of these strategies can significantly improve cost accuracy, reduce inefficiencies, and enhance the overall competitiveness of the Malaysian construction industry. This aligns with the national agenda of advancing towards Construction 4.0 and achieving the objectives outlined in the Construction Industry Transformation Programme (CITP).
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Emmanuel A. Bayta
The Alternative Learning System (ALS) provides a vital educational pathway for out‑of‑school youth and adults in the Philippines and often serves as a stepping stone for volunteer teachers aspiring to secure permanent positions in the Department of Education (DepEd). This study explored the lived experiences of former ALS volunteer teachers in Maramag, Bukidnon, focusing on their motivations, sacrifices, coping mechanisms, and professional advice for aspiring educators. A qualitative phenomenological design was employed, and data were gathered from 15 purposively selected participants through semi‑structured interviews conducted either face‑to‑face or via Google Forms, depending on participants’ availability and location. Transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns in participants’ professional trajectories. Findings show that mentorship, community support, and the success stories of former ALS volunteers were the primary drivers that encouraged participants to pursue formal teaching careers, outweighing financial incentives. Despite this strong sense of mission, participants experienced pervasive financial instability, irregular or minimal honoraria, and a lack of instructional resources, which required significant personal and economic sacrifices. To cope with these challenges, they drew on purpose‑driven resilience—anchored in commitment to learners, faith, social support networks, and practical strategies such as side jobs and careful budgeting. Participants advised aspiring ALS volunteers to balance “heart and skill” by pairing compassion and patience with intentional professional preparation, continuous learning, and strategic planning for career progression. The study concludes that while intrinsic motivation and personal sacrifice sustain many ALS volunteers, relying on these alone is unsustainable and inequitable, particularly for those from less advantaged backgrounds. The findings underscore the need for DepEd and partner institutions to formalize mentorship structures, strengthen financial and resource support, and establish more structured hiring pathways that recognize ALS experience as a legitimate foundation for entry into the public school system. These insights contribute to ongoing discussions on ALS policy and teacher development by highlighting how volunteer‑to‑teacher pathways can be made more just, stable, and strategically integrated into the basic education workforce.
Yamiko Banda
This study examined the impact of a bank merger on retail customer loyalty in Zambia, using a case study of a commercial bank merger that took place in 2024. The general objective of the study was to analyze how bank mergers influence retail customer loyalty, with specific emphasis on identifying key determinants of loyalty, examining challenges experienced during the merger process, and evaluating measures that can enhance customer loyalty, retention, and satisfaction in a post-merger environment. The study further assessed the roles of customer satisfaction, brand perception and digital banking experience in shaping retail customer loyalty. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was derived from internal customer experience metrics, including Customer Satisfaction Scores (CSAT), Customer Effort Scores (CES), and Net Promoter Scores (NPS). Qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with retail management officials. Statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were used to determine the strength and direction of relationships between retail customer loyalty and its key predictors, while thematic analysis was applied to interpret qualitative insights. The findings revealed that retail customer loyalty in the context of bank mergers is multidimensional, influenced by both attitudinal and behavioral factors. Quantitative results showed that brand perception and digital banking experience are the strongest drivers of customer loyalty, with very strong positive correlations (r = 0.905 and r = 0.94, respectively) and significant regression coefficients (β = 0.42 and β = 0.28). Customer satisfaction exhibited a moderate influence (r = 0.551; β = 0.30), reflecting service gaps, particularly in the contact center. The model explained approximately 64% of the variation in customer loyalty (R² ≈ 0.64), indicating strong explanatory power. Despite improvements in customer experience metrics, including an increase in NPS from negative to positive levels and gradual improvements in CSAT and CES, performance remained below target thresholds. Qualitative findings revealed that retail customer loyalty is strongly influenced by trust, service quality, communication, digital reliability, and staff engagement. However, the merger process introduced challenges such as service disruptions, communication gaps, and inconsistent customer experiences, which negatively affected customer trust and satisfaction. A key finding of the study was the distinction between transactional activity and true customer loyalty. While many customers remained active post-merger, high transaction volumes were accompanied by low deposit retention, as customers frequently transferred funds to mobile money platforms and competing financial institutions. This indicates the presence of partial or functional loyalty, where customers engage with the bank without strong relational commitment. The study concluded that bank mergers present both risks and opportunities for retail customer loyalty. While disruptions can weaken customer trust in the short term, effective post-merger strategies can restore and strengthen customer relationships. The study recommends that banks adopt a holistic customer loyalty framework that integrates service quality improvements, digital banking reliability, proactive communication, and personalized customer engagement. Specific recommendations include strengthening contact center performance, enhancing system reliability, leveraging data analytics for customer retention, promoting deposit retention strategies, and standardizing delivery service across channels. At a regulatory level, the study recommended that supervisory authorities incorporate customer experience and retention considerations into merger approval frameworks to safeguard consumer confidence. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of retail customer loyalty dynamics in transitional banking environments and provides practical insights into managing retail customer relationships in the aftermath of bank mergers.
Dr. Kalpana
The paper deals with public perception of contemporary IT issues constitute digital divide, cybersecurity, data privacy, and AI ethics, while also contemplating the role of global digital synergies in catapulting the India Viksit Bharat 2047 project. Methodology — The design constructed has that of a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. One hundred and ten samples have drawn purposively by the respondent-aided method online from adult residents of Jaipur District, Rajasthan as a case study. Statistical tools have used descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations and multiple-regression modelling through SPSS-29 software (Windows) to establish relations between digital literacy, issue-awareness, citizen concerns, and willingness in contributing to national IT initiatives. Findings & Results — Mean composite scores show moderately high digital-literacy (M = 3.55, SD = 0.76) and awareness (M = 3.60, SD = 0.59), but only average confidence in local IT infrastructure (M = 3.52, SD = 0.54). Digital-literacy showed a weak, non-significant positive correlation with 'global-synergy' perceptions (r = .08, p > .05), whereas concerns regarding data misuse and job displacement with borderline levels of significance alone predicted proactive engagement (β = .41, p = .066). Value and Implications — Closer examination reveals persistent urban-rural and education gaps, thus placing the onus upon policymakers to priorities targeted capacity-building and steel enforcement to divert bottom-up concerns toward constructive participation.
Bharath Kishore T. P., Dr. K. Kaavya
This study examines the effectiveness of the purchase accounting system at the Material Management Complex (MMC) of NLC India Limited (NLCIL), a Navaratna public sector enterprise engaged in mining and power generation. Purchase accounting plays a vital role in ensuring proper recording, verification, and control of procurement-related financial transactions. The study is based on primary data collected from 110 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and correlation analysis were applied using IBM SPSS Statistics. The findings reveal that efficient purchase accounting practices, including timely invoice processing, accurate ledger maintenance, and effective use of SAP ERP (FICO module), significantly contribute to financial accuracy and operational efficiency. The correlation results indicate a positive relationship between purchase accounting practices and financial performance. The study suggests enhancing automation, strengthening internal controls, and improving coordination between departments to ensure better transparency, compliance, and overall effectiveness of the purchase accounting system.
C.A.C. Chukwunka, Zulaihatu A. Zubair
This study examines the factors responsible for social conflicts in Nigeria, a country with a plural society and a history of social injustice. The research explores how deprivation of rights, social discrimination, inequality, and imbalance in the social structure contribute to conflicts. The need for all citizens to benefit from a safe and pleasant environment, entails fair distribution of resources amongst the plural groups. The lack of it calls for sufficient public action and real danger for a social breakdown. The constitution of the federal republic of Nigeria 1999 advocated the principle of state social order based on the ideals of freedom, equality and justice. In furtherance of this social order, in 1996, federal character commission was established with responsibility to promote, monitor and enforce compliance with the principles of proportional sharing of all bureaucratic, economic, media and political posts at all levels of government. The social contract and social justice theories were the Theoretical frameworks. The study adopted a survey design method and interview were conducted in structured in-depth and key informant interviews with 200 respondents from different ethnic groups. Data collected through the interviews were analyzed using frequency tabulation, percentage, thematic summaries. There was selection of sample size from the population of the study. Findings from the study showed that, there are pervasiveness of political imbalance, which has led to one component unit being stronger than other parts of the plural segment. Consequent upon these findings, the study recommends a restructure where the federating units are equal in the natural opportunities and resource allocation. In conclusion, the research also suggests a revisit to the 2014 national sovereign conference as a way forward for Nigeria’s unity.
Chimbamilonga Kapinga Molia Kunda Simwaba, Moffat Chawala
This study examined the critical success factors influencing digital marketing adoption among service based businesses in Lusaka, Zambia. The objectives were to identify digital marketing practices that drive adoption, assess the influence of environmental factors and determine the barriers and enablers shaping effective digital marketing use. A descriptive research design was applied and data were collected from 385 businesses using structured questionnaires. Analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation tests and multiple regression modelling. Findings showed that online advertising and social media marketing were the most widely adopted strategies, with high mean scores of 4.577 and 4.540. Email marketing recorded low usage (mean 2.584), while affiliate marketing showed moderate adoption (mean 3.410). Environmental conditions had strong influence on digital marketing, particularly market dynamics (mean 4.904) and environmental influence (mean 4.665). Regression analysis showed that environmental factors explained 79 percent of the variance in digital marketing adoption. The strongest predictors were the political, economic and social environment (β = 0.5014, p < 0.001), environmental influence (β = 0.2576, p < 0.001) and market dynamics (β = 0.1117, p < 0.011). Barriers identified included lack of management support, digital skills shortages, high costs and poor technological infrastructure. Major enablers included increased mobile and internet access, supportive organizational culture, use of data analytics and government support. The study concludes that digital marketing adoption is shaped by the interaction of internal capabilities, environmental pressures and enabling conditions. Strengthening digital infrastructure, improving digital literacy and enhancing regulatory support are recommended to advance digital marketing effectiveness in Zambia’s service sector.
Abdul Amzar Abdul Razak, Akid Ashrof, Ashrof Zainuddin
Global concerns regarding energy conservation, climate change, and the depletion of non-renewable resources have catalysed a worldwide shift toward sustainable architecture. Despite the clear societal benefits, green building remains an uncommon practice in Malaysia due to unique market barriers prevalent in developing nations. This disparity is particularly pronounced in Ipoh; as the capital of Perak, Ipoh trails behind other Malaysian cities in Green Building Index (GBI) certifications, failing to set the necessary precedent for regional sustainable development. This study employs a qualitative methodology to investigate the factors hindering green building adoption in Ipoh. Primary data was gathered through interviews with experienced property managers and validated by two GBI-certified informants to ensure a correlation between academic literature and real-world conditions. The findings identify high material costs—driven by an insufficient local supply chain—and a shortage of specialized labour as primary "sluggishness" factors. Furthermore, the research compares theoretical demand drivers such as cost savings and prestige against practical field insights such as owner awareness and aesthetic structural design. The results confirm that the obstacles identified in the literature are deeply rooted in the practical reality of Ipoh's property sector. By bridging the gap between theory and practice, this study provides a framework for improving green building implementation, offering valuable insights for real estate stakeholders and supporting government efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of urban development.
Nelson Akeh Temesas, Tameh Kilian Gifui
HIV treatment adherence remains a major challenge in many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa despite significant advances in antiretroviral therapy. While medical research has extensively examined biomedical and behavioural factors influencing adherence, the role of language in counselling interactions has received comparatively little attention. This study examines the discursive and paralinguistic strategies used in HIV/AIDS counselling sessions to promote treatment adherence and reduce stigma. Drawing on the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis, particularly Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Approach and Teun van Dijk’s socio-cognitive perspective, the study analyses recorded counselling sessions and interviews conducted at the Bamenda Regional Hospital in Cameroon. The data, largely produced in Cameroon Pidgin English, reveal that counsellors employ a variety of argumentative strategies including persuasion, moral appeals, and legitimation to encourage testing, safe sexual behaviour, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. In addition, paralinguistic features such as tone, laughter, and repetition play a crucial role in easing tension, fostering trust, and facilitating communication between counsellors and patients. The study highlights the importance of language in shaping health behaviour and demonstrates how discourse practices contribute to improving HIV treatment adherence and reducing stigma in clinical contexts.
Mrinmay Dhali
This paper examines Aristotle’s (384 – 322 BC) theory of modal logic, with special emphasis on its historical development, conceptual structure, and philosophical implications. While Aristotle is widely celebrated for his theory of categorical syllogism, his modal system—dealing with necessity, possibility, impossibility, and contingency—remains comparatively less understood due to internal inconsistencies and the absence of a universally accepted formal reconstruction. The study traces the evolution of modal logic from Aristotle’s works such as De Interpretatione and Prior Analytics through its reception and reinterpretation by later thinkers including Theophrastus, Avicenna, Averroes, and William of Ockham. It also highlights the medieval distinction between de dicto and de re modalities, which significantly expanded the scope of modal syllogistics. So, the paper analyses the logical structure of modal propositions using symbolic tools such as necessity (L) and possibility (M), and explores their interrelations through fundamental modal principles. Special attention is given to Aristotle’s treatment of modal syllogisms, including the validity and invalidity of various moods such as BARBARA LXL and XLL, along with later critiques by scholars like Jan Łukasiewicz and Nicholas Rescher. The study argues that despite historical criticisms, Aristotle’s modal logic laid the groundwork for subsequent developments in formal and philosophical logic. Finally, the paper reflects on the broader philosophical implications of modal logic, particularly its relevance to debates on determinism, necessity, and contingency. It concludes that although Aristotle’s system is incomplete and sometimes inconsistent, it remains foundational and continues to inspire modern logical inquiry and interpretation.
Che Mohd Altarmizi Che Yusoff, Muhammad Luqman Ibnul Hakim Mohd Saad, Muhammad Saiful Anuar Yusoff, Nik Ahmad Kamal Juhari Nik Hashim, Shahrizal Mahpol
The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed academic writing practices in higher education, including second and foreign language learning contexts. This study investigates the use of AI in Arabic assignment writing among students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kelantan. Grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the research analyzed data from 193 respondents across six constructs, yielding high overall mean scores for Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Behavioral Intention. The findings reveal that students generally hold positive perceptions toward AI, finding it particularly useful for completing assignments more quickly (M = 4.39) and generating ideas (M = 4.26). While students reported that AI tools were easy to access (M = 4.34), actual usage patterns showed a heavy reliance on translation (87.0%) and grammar checking (83.4%). Notably, the lower mean score for writing independence suggests that AI is currently used more as a performance-oriented aid than as a tool for deeper language mastery, raising concerns about overdependence. The study concludes that AI holds significant pedagogical potential when integrated strategically to enhance rather than replace learner autonomy.
Ahmad Sha’rainon Md Shaarani, Mat Naim Abdullah@Asmoni, Muhammad Saufi Sumali, Norshaliza Kamaruddin
Building maintenance constitutes a substantial proportion of lifecycle expenditure in facility management, where conventional reactive approaches often result in increased operational costs, unexpected system failures, and suboptimal performance outcomes. In response to these limitations, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have emerged as promising technologies for enabling predictive maintenance in building systems. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze existing research on AI-based building maintenance performance prediction, with particular emphasis on identifying key system performance parameters that influence failure patterns. A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering publications between 2005 and 2025 across multiple databases. Inclusion criteria were restricted to journal articles focusing on AI/ML applications in building maintenance prediction. Data extraction encompassed study characteristics, AI techniques, performance metrics, and key empirical findings. A total of 47 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 15,847 building systems across diverse domains. The analysis indicates that neural networks (32%), random forest (24%), and support vector machines (19%) are the most frequently applied methods, with HVAC systems (45%) and electrical systems (28%) being the dominant application areas. Meta-analysis results reveal a pooled prediction accuracy of 89.3% (95% CI: 87.1–91.5%) for fault detection and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.47°C (95% CI: 2.12–2.82°C) for performance prediction. These findings demonstrate that AI-based approaches achieve high predictive accuracy across building systems, with neural networks and ensemble methods showing superior performance in complex environments. Nevertheless, current studies remain largely system-specific and fragmented. Future research should therefore prioritize multi-system integration and real-time implementation to enhance the practical applicability of AI-driven predictive maintenance in facility management.
Irene Leong Yoke Chu, Kuldip Kaur Maktiar Singh, Nasreen Miza Hilmy Nasrijal, Yeap Chun Keat
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools at the tertiary level has transformed the way learners approach academic writing particularly in the context of discipline-specific settings in English-medium contexts. This study investigates 60 non-law students’ perceptions of using AI tools to support their learning of law subjects and legal writing abilities, and how this relates to writing anxiety. This study also examines the learners’ views about ethical considerations when using AI tools in their studies. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected using a structured questionnaire comprising an adapted version of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory (SLWAI), including open-ended responses. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis, while qualitative data were examined thematically. The findings indicate that students generally have a positive perception about the usefulness of technology, particularly in enhancing their understanding and building the language skills required in legal writing. A negative relationship was also found between perceived usefulness of AI tools and writing anxiety, indicating that higher perceptions of AI usefulness result in lower levels of writing anxiety. Regarding ethical considerations, students reported feeling anxious when utilising AI tools due to fear of over reliance. The findings indicate that the integration and utilisation of AI tools in legal contexts require clear and ethical principles to provide students with the cognitive scaffolding required to support both the cognitive and emotional aspects of students’ learning.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Google Meet” is an online meeting tools that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to promote collaborative teaching and engage with students. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 32 university’s students towards the effectiveness of Google Meet in improving students understanding of Econometrics subject in a public university in Malaysia. The students that have taken Econometrics class and undergone Google Meet teaching in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Google Meet can increase the understanding of students on definition and concepts of Econometrics by 50 percent and improvement of numeracy skill in Econometrics by 50 percent as well. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Google Meet as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Hazel Reiz G. Sollestre, Kris John M. Hao
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an important vegetable crop in the Philippines because of its nutritional value and wide range of uses. However, tomato production is often affected by poor soil fertility and low nutrient availability, which can reduce plant growth and yield. Biofertilizers such as Mykovam are considered a sustainable alternative to improve nutrient uptake and increase crop productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different application rates of Mykovam on the growth and yield performance of tomato. The experiment was conducted from January to April 2025 in Purok 3A, Monkayo, Davao de Oro, using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications, with ten sample plants. The treatments were T1 – Control (no Mykovam), T2 – 5g Mykovam, T3 – 7g Mykovam, and T4 – 10g Mykovam. Differences among treatment means were compared using LSD, with statistical significance determined at p < 0.05. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and days to flowering were recorded, while yield parameters included the number of fruits and yield per treatment. Results showed that the application of Mykovam improved several growth and yield parameters of tomato plants. The 7g Mykovam treatment produced better growth performance and the highest mean yield among the treatments. No phytotoxicity was observed in any treatment. Therefore, the application of 7 g Mykovam per plant is recommended to improve tomato growth and yield and support sustainable tomato production.
Elizabeth F. Gutierrez, Vivian L. Dedace
This study assessed the long-term impact of the National Qualifying Examination for School Heads (NQESH) on leadership effectiveness and readiness for emerging educational demands. It examined the demographic profiles of school heads, the perceived effectiveness of NQESH in leadership preparation, and its role in addressing contemporary challenges. The research explored factors influencing NQESH effectiveness, demographic differences in perceptions, the relationship between efficacy and preparedness, and challenges in applying NQESH competencies. A mixed-methods design was used, with quantitative data collected through structured surveys on demographics, perceived effectiveness, and preparedness, and qualitative data gathered via interviews on leadership experiences and application challenges. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and group comparisons, supplemented by thematic analysis of qualitative data. Findings showed most respondents were mid-career school heads from rural schools who recently qualified through NQESH. Generally, NQESH effectively built foundational leadership skills in instructional leadership, crisis management, and teacher development. However, gaps existed between theoretical training and practical application. Significant differences in perceived effectiveness by location and experience emerged, as did strong correlations between perceived leadership effectiveness and preparedness for emerging issues. Qualitative insights highlighted challenges such as resource constraints, heavy administrative workloads, and the need for ongoing mentoring. The study recommends enhancing practical training, sustained professional development, and post-certification support to bridge the gap between theory and practice, ultimately improving school leadership effectiveness in dynamic educational contexts.
Adeola Oladapo Ojo, Coker O. Victor, Duru John Chikwendu, Jegede A. Olorunbi, Musa Naburgi, Oju Sunday Agboola, Olusegun Abel Oyinwola, Paulina Suleman, Rilwan A. Ajibade, Victor A. C. Biodun
The fundamental basis for carrying out this study was the recent introduction of value added tax (VAT) to the Nigerian economy. This new development has been attracting the attention of individual both in private and public sectors of the economy. On the problem and prospects of value added tax in Nigeria is in the intellectual areas in Nigeria. They might perhaps be due to the characteristic of the new tax system which is broader and dynamic when viewed in the context of the Nigeria micro economic and socio-political systems. The study further examined the prevailing problems being encountered in the system with a view of making constructive recommendations, which will enhance effective administration of VAT in Nigeria. In view of achieving the objectives of this study, various relevant literature of eminent writers in the field of taxation, references were also made for easy understanding. In the course of this study, it was discovered that value added tax is the most innovative means of generating revenue in the country and its introduction in Nigeria has long been overdue especially now that Nigeria is very vast in the payment of direct tax. Value added tax has all the advantages of modern-day taxation and by introducing it in Nigeria it is a move in right direction
Harry Santiago P. Achas, May Juanna P. Añasco, Neil M. Quijano
This study assessed the effectiveness of the crisis management program of SPI Power Incorporated in Villanueva, Misamis Oriental. Using a descriptive research design, it evaluated the Crisis Management Team’s (CMT) performance in four key areas: preparedness, crisis response, crisis recovery, and organizational preparedness actions. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire distributed to 86 respondents, including internal staff and external stakeholders. Descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, percentages, and weighted means, were applied to analyze the data. The findings showed that SPI Power Incorporated’s crisis management program was rated as “Highly Effective” across all four areas. Preparedness emerged as the strongest dimension, highlighting the organization’s focus on proactive measures like risk assessment and contingency planning. Crisis response was also rated highly, demonstrating the effectiveness of communication, coordination, and deployment of resources during emergencies. Crisis recovery, while effective, revealed opportunities for improvement, particularly in timely communication and the establishment of recovery time objectives. Organizational preparedness actions were consistently implemented, including structured training, after-action reviews, and collaboration with external agencies. The demographic profile revealed that most respondents had over 16 years of service and held operational and supervisory roles, indicating strong experience within the organization. The COVID-19 pandemic was the most commonly handled crisis, followed by safety incidents and natural disasters, while cybersecurity breaches and terrorism events were less frequent. Overall, this study provided valuable insights into the strengths and areas for improvement of SPI Power Incorporated’s crisis management program, supporting ongoing efforts to enhance resilience and ensure energy supply stability in Mindanao.
Maria Nova Mae E. Gucor
This research evaluated the effectiveness of the Audio-Based Approach in enhancing the reading comprehension of Grade 8 students. It was conducted among a total population of 42 Grade 8 student-respondents from Cabul-an National High School, Eastern Cabul-an, Buenavista, Bohol. The identified learning competencies—identifying the literal point, interpreting the inferential point, and making a critical conclusion—were described and correlated. A competency-based 30-item multiple-choice Philippine Informal Reading Inventory (Phil-IRI) test was utilized as the primary research instrument to assess reading comprehension. The study employed a mixed-method sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were collected from a non-random group using pre-test and post-test instruments and were analyzed using SPSS, focusing on descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and frequency) and inferential statistics through a paired-samples t-test. Subsequently, qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews to further explain and expand upon the quantitative findings. Statistically, the results revealed that the audio-based approach significantly improved students’ reading comprehension across the identified competencies, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Moreover, six students representing low, medium, and high achievement levels shared their preferences, challenges, and perceived benefits from the intervention. Their responses indicated that the audio-based approach enhanced their comprehension of the text. Overall, the findings confirm that integrating an audio-based approach as a learning material significantly contributes to improving students’ reading comprehension.
Idris Othman, Mohamad Zain Hashim, Muriatul Khusmah Musa1
Health and safety practices in university laboratories are critical for ensuring student well-being and preparing future professionals for risk-sensitive environments. This study examines university students’ levels of health and safety awareness, compliance with laboratory protocols, and perceptions of the safety climate, with the aim of understanding how these dimensions interact within an educational context. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving 144 undergraduate students enrolled in laboratory-based programmes. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. The findings indicate that students demonstrate generally high levels of health and safety awareness (M = 4.08), compliance (M = 3.94), and positive perceptions of the safety climate (M = 4.04) . Gender comparisons revealed that female students scored slightly higher across all domains, with a statistically significant difference observed only in safety climate perception (p = 0.025). No significant differences were found between students from different academic entry pathways. Importantly, strong positive correlations were identified among awareness, compliance, and safety climate (r = 0.750–0.801), indicating that these constructs operate as an interconnected system rather than independent factors. This study contributes to the literature by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates cognitive (awareness), behavioural (compliance), and perceptual (safety climate) dimensions of safety practices. The findings suggest that effective safety management in university laboratories should adopt a holistic approach that combines knowledge development, behavioural reinforcement, and supportive environmental conditions. While the results highlight the effectiveness of current institutional practices, the relatively modest effect sizes indicate that continuous and multifaceted interventions are required to sustain improvements in safety behaviour. Overall, this study offers both theoretical and practical insights into the development of safety culture in higher education, providing a foundation for future research and policy enhancement in laboratory safety management.
Md. Abdullah-Al-Mamun
The research has been conducted in order to find out barriers that faces women to participate in politics in Bangladesh. The data has been collected from Khulna city through a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was incorporated both open ended and closed ended questions. In this study a convenient sampling technique have been used. Data was collected from 65 respondents who live in Khulna city and Micro soft Excel has been used to analysis the data. The result of the research has been presented in systematic manner. The findings have been discussed descriptively. The research found that Ideological and Psychological factors (Politics is not good work, It is not for woman) has strongly influenced women not to participate in politics in Bangladesh. The study shows Limited access to decision making, Financial problem (poverty and unemployment problem), Lack of political party support(Insufficient representative in political party, masculine nature of politics), Religion factor, Security problem are also strong barrier for woman to participate in politics in Bangladesh.This findings help the authority to be alert and to remove this barriers. Results of research are limited to the Bangladesh only. Future researchers can expand the scope of the research.
Abdul Kholiq, I Gede Suputra Widharma, I Made Sujanayasa, I Nyoman Kiriana, Ni Nyoman Sri Widiasih
This study aims to explore the dynamics of the Obong Kalang ritual in Java and the Ngaben ritual in Bali, focusing on their transformations, meanings, and social functions inside of contemporary cultural contexts. Obong Kalang, a traditional Javanese mortuary ritual, and Ngaben, the central cremation ceremony in Balinese culture, both embody profound religious and cultural significance. Employing a qualitative ethnographic approach, this research collected data through in-depth interviews by community elders and local participants, participant observation during ritual performances, and a review of relevant literature. Thematic analysis was used to identify key ritual elements and to examine the factors driving changes in both practices. The findings reveal that both Obong Kalang and Ngaben represent cultural and spiritual expressions rooted in Hindu and animistic influences. Despite differences in form and execution, both serve as means of releasing the soul by worldly attachments, honoring ancestors, and maintaining harmony among humans, nature, and transcendent forces.
Hartinie Abd Aziz, Mohd Asmadi Mohd Angsor, Nurhidayah Abdullah, Rizaldi Mu’min, Zuhairah Ariff Abd Ghadas
The article establishes a comparative and doctrinal analysis of director liability in insolvency in both Malaysia and Indonesia, using the United Kingdom as a reference point jurisdiction. It asserts that Malaysian law is not yet inclusive in its approach since it continues to rely upon a regime based on fraud to determine liability pursuant to section 540 of the Companies Act 2016, whereas the Indonesian law is conceptually open-ended and relies on fault and negligence found in Law No. 40 of 2007 and Law No. 37 of 2004. Both systems do not control the grey area between legitimate commercial judgment and misjudgement of risk-taking in the near vicinity of insolvency. Based on the wrongful trading regime in the United Kingdom in section 214 of the Insolvency Act 1986, this article postulates the introduction of objective standard of the liability in an ASEAN-oriented system. This kind of reform would improve the protection of creditors, increase the level of doctrinal coherence and bring regional standards of corporate governance to parity with international best practices.
Ezekiel Adu Mensah, Jacob Tawiah, Juliet Appiah Osei-Afoakwa, Priscilla Aboagye Aryeh
Background: Ghanaian graduates are sometimes perceived not to be ready for the workforce, usually because what they learn in classroom does not translate into what jobs/employers require. But we usually just blame the textbooks. We do not talk enough about the "behind-the-scenes" problem: how university leaders fail to track, prove, and officially certify the well-rounded skills students pick up outside of just passing exams. Aim: This study investigates the perceptions of key stakeholders on non-academic skills, examines existing institutional mechanisms for skills tracking, and identifies the challenges and opportunities for implementing a comprehensive skills-articulation framework at the University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa, in Ghana. Methods: A qualitative case study of the University of Mines and Technology (UMaT) was conducted. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with employers (n=15), university administrators (n=8), and recent graduates (n=20), supplemented by a document analysis of university policies, transcript templates, and career services reports. Results: Employers highly value soft skills (e.g., adaptability, communication, teamwork) and practical project experience but find these poorly articulated in official graduate documentation. UMaT’s current administrative processes are fragmented, with no centralised system for validating or certifying non-academic learning. Key challenges include bureaucratic inertia, limited funding, and a lack of formal policy. Opportunities lie in strong industry partnerships, existing student club structures, and a growing institutional focus on employability. Conclusion: University administration is a critical, yet under-leveraged, actor in bridging the skills gap. Moving beyond the traditional transcript towards a co-curricular record or a similar framework is essential. This requires a strategic, top-down initiative to integrate disparate efforts into a coherent, validated, and recognised system of skills articulation.
Ajike Okeh Kalu, Emeka Kalu Ukoji, Ikechukwu Ekeh Emeh, PhD, Sam Odachi, Yuel Okey Kalu, PhD
Nigeria's escalating insecurity ranging from banditry to insurgency is increasingly linked to environmental degradation, climate-induced resource scarcity, and youth unemployment. While Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) has been advocated as a solution to youth restiveness, its potential to address the environmental drivers of insecurity remains largely untapped. This paper examines the nexus between sustainable construction skills education and community resilience in conflict-prone regions of Nigeria. Drawing on existing literature and recent policy initiatives, the study proposes a transformative framework for integrating environmental security principles into TVET building technology curricula. Findings reveal significant gaps in current programmes regarding climate-adaptive building techniques, green material utilization, and environmental conflict mitigation strategies. The paper argues that equipping TVET graduates with disaster-resilient construction skills, sustainable resource management competencies, and green entrepreneurship capabilities can reduce climate-induced displacement, de-escalate natural resource conflicts, and provide economic buffers against radicalization. The study concludes with recommendations for curriculum reform and the establishment of community-based construction skills centers as strategic investments in long-term conflict prevention and national security.
AGU, Okoro Agu, Appiah Kingsley Z. Alaowei
Career counseling is a valuable process that assist individuals in making informed decisions about career paths. This study on career counseling and sustainability of trades and crafts in Western Niger Delta used an exploratory research design and content analysis was used in providing subjective answers to the research questions that were raised to guide the study. The findings amongst others reveals that the variables of career counseling, including, career orientation and career coaching respectively have substantial effects on career decision making and career development. Also, recommendations were proffered, including providing timely orientation to the younger generations of the Western Niger Deltans to fall back to the traditional trades and crafts of our forefathers in the phase of the inaccessible of white collar jobs in government Ministries Departments and Agencies (MDAs) and the International oil companies (IOCs) to harness the comparative advantages of self-employment and benefits of entrepreneurial pursuits in trades and crafts in disparity to having a civil service career with a white collar job limited by National minimum wage legislation.
Almiera G. Bregondo, James L. Paglinawan
This study explored the career transition experiences of non-education graduates teaching in a private higher education institution, particularly San Isidro College. It examined their reasons for entering the teaching profession, their transition experiences, the challenges they encountered, the coping mechanisms and support systems that sustained them, and the recommendations they offered to other non-education graduates who plan to teach in higher education. The study employed a qualitative phenomenological design to understand the participants’ lived experiences. Selected non-education graduate faculty members were chosen through purposive sampling. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed through thematic analysis. The findings showed that non-education graduates entered teaching because they viewed it as a meaningful, purpose-driven, and student-centered vocation. Their transition was described as challenging yet developmental, requiring preparation, adjustment, and continuous engagement with the realities of teaching. The participants encountered difficulties related to limited pedagogical preparation, classroom management, lesson planning, assessment, workload, institutional expectations, and policy-related concerns. Despite these challenges, they sustained their teaching roles through self-directed learning, adaptability, reflection, mentoring, collegial support, seminars, and institutional assistance. They also emphasized that readiness for teaching requires continuous learning, pedagogical preparation, teachability, and structured institutional support. The study concludes that the transition of non-education graduates into teaching is both meaningful and demanding. Their successful adjustment and effectiveness depend on continuous professional development and responsive institutional support, particularly in induction, mentoring, and faculty development programs. These findings highlight the need for institutional environments for non-education faculty in higher education.
Emeka E. Ene., Patrick U. Ebenuwa
This study investigates the causal relationships between savings mobilisation, capital market development, and economic growth in Nigeria using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach on annual data from 1990 to 2023. The dependent variable is GDP growth rate, while explanatory variables include gross domestic savings ratio (GDSR), total savings (LTS), All Share Index (LASI), market capitalisation (LMCAPE), number of listed entities (LNLE), real interest rate (RINT), and exchange rate (LEXR). The bounds test confirms cointegration among the variables, validating a long-run equilibrium relationship. The error-correction term is negative and highly significant (−1.220; p < 0.001), indicating rapid adjustment and long-run causality from the regressors to GDP growth. Long-run estimates reveal that gross domestic savings as a ratio of GDP (GDSR) and market capitalisation (LMCAPE) exert positive and significant effects on growth, while total savings (LTS) show a significant negative effect. LASI and LNLE are not significant. Real interest rate and exchange rate also display positive long-run impacts. Short-run dynamics provide weak evidence of causality, with most differenced terms insignificant except for a marginal lagged exchange-rate effect. These findings suggest that financial deepening influences growth primarily through structural channels rather than immediate demand effects. Policy implications are twofold: first, deepen capital market infrastructure and instruments to translate mobilised savings into productive investment. Second, address structural bottlenecks that impede efficient allocation of aggregate savings. Collectively, the results support state contingent financial sector strategies that strengthen both savings mobilisation and market depth to foster sustained growth in Nigeria. Policy implications emphasise raising domestic savings and strengthening capital market depth to channel resources into productive investments, while addressing inefficiencies that hinder effective intermediation.
Ariel F. Tomimbang., James L. Paglinawan
This research explores the lived experiences of millennial students returning to graduate-level mathematics education after a significant temporal break, navigating an academic landscape currently dominated by "digital native" Gen Z peers. Using a descriptive phenomenological approach, the study investigates the narratives of fifteen masters and doctoral students at Central Mindanao University and other local institutions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and qualitative surveys conducted between February and April 2026. The findings reveal that academic delay is primarily driven by structural and socioeconomic inhibitors, including financial instability, professional workloads, and the domestic demands of motherhood. Motivation for re-entry is characterized by a dualistic drive: professional pragmatism related to Department of Education (DepEd) promotion mandates and a deeply personal "calling" toward lifelong learning. Crucially, the study identifies a significant "academic transition gap" marked by generational friction, where millennials face with technological adaptation speeds and social isolation within the classroom. However, participants demonstrated adaptive resilience through "technological humility" and the formation of age-congruent support systems to bridge these gaps. The study concludes that "generational friction" should be integrated into adult education models, particularly in STEM fields. It recommends that higher education institutions implement digital refresher modules and flexible scheduling to better support the unique professional and personal roles of returning millennial scholars, ensuring that the pursuit of advanced knowledge remains inclusive across generational divides.
WAMI, Kevin Chinweikpe
Voter apathy continues to undermine democratic participation in Rivers State, Nigeria, raising concerns about the legitimacy of electoral outcomes. Civic education has been identified as a key strategy for addressing this challenge, yet its impact is concerned by weak implementation, limited community engagement, and structural barriers. This position paper explores how civil society engagement, grassroot mobilization, and participatory community programmes can reduce voter apathy by fostering trust, inclusion, and ownership of governance. Drawing on recent election monitoring reports and scholarly studies, the paper highlights that while these strategies have demonstrated potential, their effectiveness is limited by resource constraints, political resistance, and persistent insecurity. To overcome these challenges, suggestions are proposed: strengthening civil society partnership to expand voter education and transparency; investing in grassroots mobilization through community dialogues and inclusive platforms; and implementing participatory programmes that promote peacebuilding and make governance locally relevant. By adopting these measures, Rivers State can revitalize civic education, enhance citizen participation, and strengthen democratic processes.
Arlene B. Laurel, Erwin C. Martinez, Khristian Mae Lee, Maynard A. Ermita
Coconut farming is a vital component of the Philippine agricultural sector; however, destructive pests such as the Asiatic Palm Weevil, Rhinoceros Beetle, Brontispa beetle, and Slug Caterpillar can significantly reduce crop yields when infestations are not detected early. Conventional pest monitoring relies on manual inspection and delayed expert consultation, making pest identification slow and often inaccessible for smallholder farmers. This study proposes CocoGuard, a mobile-accessible artificial intelligence-assisted system for coconut pest detection using deep learning object detection models. A dataset of 2,076 coconut pest images, expanded to 5,398 images through augmentation, was prepared and annotated into seven pest classes. Several object detection models were benchmarked using Precision, Recall, F1-score, and mean Average Precision. Results show that YOLO26s achieved the best performance, obtaining 92.72% mAP@0.5, 92.51% precision, and 89.49% recall while maintaining computational efficiency suitable for mobile deployment.
Ivan Jade S. Bentolan, Jonna Mae L. Garao, Orlan D. Tabuada Jr., Rojean M. Gonzales
Customer satisfaction refers to the overall level of fulfillment experienced by guests when their expectations are met or exceeded through effective staff communication and quality service delivery. This research study determined the impact of communication skills on customer satisfaction between customers at inland resorts in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. This study examined the relationship between various communication indicators including writing, oral, listening, digital, and nonverbal communication skills and their specific impact on customers' overall satisfaction during their stay at inland resorts. This research identified the communication indicators that had become important for boosting customer satisfaction. A quantitative-descriptive correlational design was used to gather data from 383 guests selected through stratified sampling. Data were collected using a modified questionnaire analyzing the perception of staff communication and satisfaction through performance, threshold, and excitement attributes. To examine the correlations between variables, statistical tools such as the mean and standard deviation were used. Findings revealed that employees' communication skills significantly improve guest satisfaction. Oral and written communication have the strongest influence in building trust, understanding guest needs, and enhancing overall experiences. The study highlights the importance of clear and consistent communication in encouraging return visits. The research study indicates that enhancing staff communication competence is important for achieving an excellent level of satisfaction with customers in the tourism industry. It recommends ongoing staff training to strengthen digital and interpersonal communication, thereby improving resort attractiveness and customer relationships.
Mohamed Shadi
Obesity is a major public health problem in Egypt, contributing to a high burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), and related healthcare costs. GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., semaglutide, marketed as Ozempic/Wegovy) induce substantial weight loss (~15% of body weight) and may reduce obesity-related comorbidities, but their high cost raises questions about affordability and economic value in low-middle-income settings. To evaluate the long-term economic impact of GLP-1 therapy for obesity versus standard care (no pharmacological intervention) in Egyptian adults with obesity from a healthcare system perspective. A cohort Markov model was developed for obese Egyptian adults (age 40, BMI ≥30) over a 30-year horizon. Health states included no complications, T2DM, hypertension (HTN), CVD, and death. Transition probabilities were derived from Egyptian/Middle East epidemiological data and clinical trial evidence. Two strategies were compared: (a) chronic GLP-1 therapy for weight loss (with drug costs calibrated to Egyptian pricing) and (b) standard care (lifestyle management only). The model estimated the cumulative incidence of obesity-related diseases and total lifetime medical costs per person (in 2025 USD), including drug and complication treatment costs. GLP-1 therapy markedly reduced the 30-year cumulative incidence of T2DM (approximately 20% vs 50% under standard care) and CVD events (15% vs 20%), with a moderate reduction in HTN (50% vs 70%). However, lifetime cost per person was much higher with GLP-1 therapy (~$45,000) compared to standard care (~$2,000), an incremental cost of about $43,000 driven primarily by medication expenses. From the Egyptian healthcare perspective, GLP-1 obesity treatment can substantially improve health outcomes by preventing diabetes and CVD, but at a large financial cost. Unless drug prices fall or treatment is targeted to very high-risk groups, GLP-1 therapy is unlikely to be cost-saving in Egypt. Strategies to improve the cost-effectiveness of pharmacological obesity treatments (such as local price negotiations or selective use in those with prediabetes) are needed to justify widespread adoption in resource-limited health systems.
Arnel S. Miraflor
Much district educators dislike research, so they don't conduct it. Because of this, the researcher decided to investigate the causes. In response, this study evaluated Sta. district educators' research skills in Sta. Cruz, Zambales. The research was descriptive correlational. Specifically, a descriptive research approach was used to examine multiple factors. Furthermore, teachers and administrators were informed of the study's purpose and methods. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire. Despite these efforts, some teachers cannot do classroom action research. The results show that some educators do not engage in school action research, some are unable to create clear, detailed, quantifiable, attainable, and goal-oriented objectives, and some are skeptical about its benefits and view it as difficult. Additionally, district teachers struggle to get action research books and in-text citations. For future improvements, research should include a broader range of teacher performance characteristics.
Mohd Amir Rashdan Mat Kashim, Mohd Saidin Misnan, Norsyazwana Jenuwa
This study investigates the competency of Railway Safety Officers (RSOs) in ensuring railway track safety in Malaysia, with a focus on Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB). The increasing demand for railway services, driven by population growth and infrastructure expansion, has intensified the need for effective safety management in complex and high-risk environments. Railway construction and operations involve various hazards, including heavy machinery, electrical risks, working at heights, and exposure to hazardous materials, making competent safety personnel essential. This research adopts a competency-based approach by integrating key elements such as knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavioral attributes required for effective job performance. The study highlights the critical role of RSOs in minimizing accident risks, ensuring compliance with safety regulations, and promoting a strong safety culture within the organization. A competency framework is proposed, incorporating dimensions such as professional knowledge, teamwork, leadership, psychological attributes, and management capabilities. The study is further supported by the Theory of Planned Behavior, which emphasizes that an individual’s intention significantly influences their actions and safety performance. The findings suggest that enhancing RSO competencies can improve safety outcomes, reduce incidents, and ensure efficient railway operations. Ultimately, this study provides a structured framework for improving the training, assessment, and development of RSOs, contributing to a safer and more sustainable railway system in Malaysia.
Dr. Yusuf Malik Frederick
Despite growing evidence that spiritual abuse and racial trauma independently contribute to psychological distress, their intersection within racially marginalized faith communities remains insufficiently understood. African American Muslims are notably underrepresented in research on religious harm and race-based stress, creating a critical gap in understanding how congregational power dynamics and anti-Blackness jointly produce psychospiritual injury. This study addresses this gap by examining the combined effects of spiritually abusive experiences and race-based stress on mental health, while exploring institutional mechanisms that translate congregational practices into individual harm. Grounded in an intersectionality-informed minority stress framework, it incorporates concepts of institutional betrayal and moral-epistemic injury to investigate multi-level sources of harm. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, the study integrates quantitative self-report surveys with in-depth qualitative interviews. Participants were African American Muslim adults with experience in congregational settings. Quantitative measures assessed spiritual abuse, race-based traumatic stress, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and moral-epistemic distress, with analyses examining associations and multivariate relationships. Qualitative interviews employed a phenomenological approach to explore lived experiences and identify themes related to organizational behavior and leadership practices. Findings revealed strong associations between spiritual abuse, racial trauma, and psychological distress, with evidence of overlapping and mutually reinforcing effects. Thematic analysis identified three institutional pathways of epistemic marginalization, doctrinal weaponization, and institutional betrayal through which harm is enacted. Overall, results highlight the synergistic nature of these stressors, framing spiritual abuse in marginalized religious contexts as an intersectional public health concern requiring culturally informed clinical and institutional responses.
Qi Kou, Qiwei Lu
Based on Social Cognitive Theory, this conceptual paper proposes a comprehensive framework to unpack the psychological mechanisms and boundary conditions that translate human-AI collaboration into teacher innovative behavior. Specifically, the model identifies AI self-efficacy as the central cognitive mediator that bridges teachers' collaborative experiences with AI to their proactive innovations. Furthermore, the framework positions organizational innovative climate as a crucial contextual moderator, highlighting that a supportive, resource-rich school environment is essential to amplify the positive effects of teachers' AI self-efficacy on innovative actions. Ultimately, this study provides educational policymakers and administrators with a theoretical roadmap to mitigate technology-induced burnout by actively cultivating teachers' psychological capital and fostering an innovation-oriented school culture.
Alexander F. Suan, Oshen A. Pajaron
Reading serves as a gateway to learning, critical thinking, and knowledge acquisition, making reading comprehension a crucial skill for Grade 4 pupils, particularly those in hinterland areas where access to educational resources may be limited. However, limited studies have examined the combined influence of well-being and academic efficacy on the reading comprehension of learners in these contexts. This study examined the influence of well-being and academic efficacy on the reading comprehension of 137 Grade 4 pupils in selected hinterland public elementary schools during School Year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed using a modified questionnaire, and multiple regression analysis was used to determine whether the variables significantly predict reading comprehension. Results revealed that although pupils frequently experienced well-being and demonstrated a high level of academic efficacy, their overall reading comprehension remained at the Beginning level. Further analysis showed that both well-being and academic efficacy significantly influenced reading comprehension. The findings suggest that improving reading comprehension requires not only the development of cognitive skills but also the strengthening of learners’ well-being and academic efficacy. Thus, interventions that integrate socio-emotional support and academic skill development are essential to enhance learners’ reading performance, particularly in resource-limited hinterland schools. Schools, particularly in hinterland areas, may implement integrated reading intervention programs that simultaneously strengthen learners’ socio-emotional well-being, academic efficacy, and reading comprehension through structured, scaffolded, and learner-centered instructional strategies.
Ajani Sodiq Olayemi, Elemide Musibau Alao, Siyanbola, Trimisiyu Tunji
This study examined the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on the financial performance of listed manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Environmental disclosure, social disclosure, and governance disclosure served as the independent variables, while Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Tobin's Q were employed as proxies for financial performance. Firm size and leverage were incorporated as control variables. Adopting an ex-post facto research design, the study analysed panel data drawn from the annual reports and financial statements of 30 selected listed manufacturing firms for the period 2015–2024, yielding 93 firm-year observations. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ordinary least squares panel regression. Descriptive results indicated that the sampled firms reported at relatively high levels across all CSR dimensions, with governance disclosure recording the highest mean value. The regression results revealed that CSR disclosure dimensions do not exert a statistically significant effect on ROA, ROE, or Tobin's Q. However, leverage and firm size significantly influenced financial performance: leverage exerted a significant negative effect on ROE (B = −0.199; p = 0.000), while firm size exerted a significant positive effect on ROE (B = 0.062; p = 0.013). The study concludes that, while CSR disclosure enhances corporate transparency and stakeholder communication, its direct impact on short-term financial performance remains limited for listed Nigerian manufacturing firms. Firms are encouraged to embed CSR strategies within long-term corporate objectives, and regulatory bodies should advance standardised reporting frameworks to improve disclosure comparability and investor utility
Christian O. Limbago, Darwin I. Magbanua, Jerrelyn Vicky C. Cañete, Mariecar J. Cagbabanua, Rogen Paul G. Geromo
The study aimed to determine the corporate social responsibility practices of cooperatives in Dipolog City. The researchers utilized a quantitative type of research in profiling the cooperatives, identifying the CSR objectives and assessing the CSR practices of cooperatives and used a modified survey research questionnaire adopted from the study of Cherobon to gather data and achieve the goals of the study. Findings revealed that Dipolog City has multi-purpose cooperatives and their CSR objectives are focused to the community, employee, and customer. The cooperatives in Dipolog City have truly served its members, community, and employees, which is one of the fundamental reasons for their long-term viability. It can be deduced that cooperatives in Dipolog City were excellent in their CSR practices and that they are considered a beneficial investment for their members and potential members in the future because they were able to serve their true purpose in the society.
Abdul Hadi Ismail, Mohd Zubir Awang, Nor Faridah Mat Nong, Wan Mohd Yusof Wan Chik
The rapid expansion of digital financial platforms has accelerated the use of Peer to Peer (P2P) financing as an alternative mechanism for investment and funding. Within Islamic finance, Islamic P2P platforms and Islamic investment notes have emerged as Shariah compliant instruments aimed at promoting ethical capital mobilisation, financial inclusion, and micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) financing without reliance on interest based lending. Despite increasing regulatory recognition and market adoption, concerns persist regarding their Shariah legitimacy, particularly with respect to contractual substance, risk sharing authenticity, governance adequacy, and post disbursement utilisation of funds. This study undertakes a qualitative doctrinal Shariah assessment grounded in fiqh al muʿāmalāt and maqāṣid Shariah. Using Islamic P2P platforms approved by the Securities Commission Malaysia as a case study, the analysis examines Mushārakah, Muḍārabah, Wakālah, and Commodity Murābaḥah (Tawarruq) structures. The study identifies critical implementation level Shariah risks, including deceptive disclosure, negligent default, and non Shariah use of proceeds. It argues that regulatory approval alone is insufficient to ensure Shariah compliance in substance and proposes a contract centric, lifecycle based Shariah governance framework for Islamic digital platform
Aljan G. Castilar, Girly H. Naval
This study determined the level of customer satisfaction on electronic payment system in selected commercial banks in Daet, Camarines Norte Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions: 1) What is the profile of the respondents in terms of: age, sex, nature of employment, educational attainment frequency of use and commonly used electronic payment system;2) What is the level of customer satisfaction on the electronic payment system along perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness 3) Is there a significant relationship between the profile and the level of satisfaction of the customers 4) What are the problems encountered by the customers on the electronic payment system; and 5) Based on the findings of the study, what strategies may be formulated to enhance the customer satisfaction on electronic payment system of the selected commercial banks in Daet, Camarines Norte? A total of five (5) commercial banks from the registered large banks are the target population of this study from there the researcher will randomly select fifty (50) respondents who are using electronic payment system such as: mobile banking, internet/online banking, debit card (ATM) and credit card (POS) for at least one year of each commercial banks. The researcher chose exclusively the center of commerce of the province of Camarines Norte its capital town the Municipality of Daet because the identified commercial banks are located within the area.
Atsue Terhile Emmanuel Ph.D., Edunghu Martha Ayim Ph.D.
The farmer-herder crisis in Nigeria's North East especially southern Taraba state which shares its borders with the middle belt states of Benue, Plateau and Nassarawa has precipitated a complex humanitarian emergency, marked by mass displacement and profound gendered consequences. This study investigates the cyclical and interlocking traumas experienced by two critically vulnerable yet distinct groups—widows and adolescent girls—displaced by recurrent violence in Takum Local Government Area (LGA) of Taraba State. Utilizing a qualitative case study methodology, the research focuses on IDP camps within Takum LG hosting survivors from villages like, Peva, Gatatti, Torlijam, Januan niyife, Januan gaba, Gbise and Tortser, devastated in the 2019, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 attacks. Findings reveal a devastating trajectory where initial violence triggers secondary traumas within the camp environment. For widows, spousal bereavement catalyzes a cascade of psychological distress (Complex-PTSD), economic precarity through land dispossession, and heightened vulnerability to sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Concurrently, adolescent girls face an environment where SGBV and exploitative transactional sex are normalized, leading to a “weekly experience” of teenage pregnancy that irrevocably terminates their education. This paper argues that the IDP camp, rather than a sanctuary, functions as a site of continued gendered insecurity, perpetuating a cycle of trauma that threatens to spill intergenerationally. The study concludes that without integrated, trauma-informed interventions targeting the specific vulnerabilities of these groups, the conflict will leave a legacy of entrenched poverty and psychological scarring that undermines long-term peace building and sustainable development in the region.
Cai Lianyu, Solomon Fobi
The widespread adoption of hybrid learning models in higher education following the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified longstanding challenges in defining and measuring student engagement. This methodological systematic review examines how student engagement has been conceptualized and operationalized in hybrid higher education research published between 2019 and 2025. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we screened 1,867 records across five databases (ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ProQuest), resulting in 66 included studies. Results reveal that while Fredricks et al.'s (2004) tripartite framework (behavioral, 84.8%; cognitive, 75.8%; emotional, 74.2%) remains dominant, significant methodological concerns persist. Critically, 65.2% of studies employed custom-developed or adapted scales rather than validated instruments, and only 19.7% used established measures. Misalignment between conceptual definitions and measurement approaches was prevalent, particularly for cognitive and agentic engagement dimensions. Social (12.1%) and agentic (7.6%) engagement remain underexplored despite their theoretical relevance to hybrid contexts. Geographically, research concentrates in Asia (50.0%) and North America (27.3%), limiting generalizability. The review identifies urgent needs for: (a) validated, hybrid-specific engagement instruments; (b) clearer alignment between theoretical frameworks and measurement approaches; (c) greater attention to emerging dimensions including social and agentic engagement; and (d) improved reporting of hybrid learning model specifications. We provide methodological recommendations to enhance construct validity, cross-study comparability, and cumulative knowledge building in this rapidly expanding field.
Badau , Kabiru Mohammed, Fwah, Candy Michael, Kotirde, Isa Yuguda
The study assessed departmental and faculty committee distributed leadership as predictors of academic staff job effectiveness in Federal Universities in North-East Nigeria. The study was guided by three objectives, three research questions, and three null hypotheses. A predictive correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population comprised 6,575 academic staff in Federal Universities in North-East Nigeria. Using simple random sampling and proportionate stratified sampling techniques (simple random sampling of states and proportionate sampling of respondents across selected universities), a sample size of 658 academic staff was drawn for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires: Departmental and Faculty Committees Distributed Leadership and Academic Staff Job Effectiveness Questionnaire (DFCDLASJEQ). The instruments contained 20 items in total and were structured on a 5-point rating scale. The instruments were validated by three experts, while reliability was determined through a pilot study using the Cronbach’s alpha procedure (0.852). Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while simple linear regression and multiple regression analyses were used for hypothesis testing at 0.05 level of significance, using SPSS version 27. Findings revealed that departmental distributed leadership (M=3.47, SD=0.95; F(1,118)=21.959, p<0.05), and faculty committee distributed leadership (M=3.36, SD=0.94; F(1,118)=21.575, p<0.05), significantly predicted academic staff job effectiveness. The study concludes that strengthening departmental and faculty committees distributed leadership practices is critical for improving academic staff job effectiveness in Federal Universities in North-East Nigeria. It was recommended, among others, that institutions should foster teamwork and collegiality among staff through team-building activities, collaborative projects, and recognition of cooperative efforts.
Dr. Ma. Magdalena V. Gatdula, Engr. Meshelle N. Fabro, Engr. Michael Andre P. Guevarra, Engr. Ruth Arlene T. Necio, Engr. William C. Dionisio
Maintaining proper hand hygiene is essential for preventing the spread of infectious diseases in public and high-traffic environments. However, traditional alcohol dispensers often require physical contact, which may increase the risk of cross-contamination and lack effective monitoring of alcohol levels. This study presents the design and development of an infrared-based touchless alcohol dispenser with SMS notification aimed at promoting safer and more efficient hand hygiene practices. The proposed system utilizes an infrared (IR) sensor to detect the presence of a user's hand and automatically activates a pump mechanism to dispense a controlled amount of alcohol without physical contact. A microcontroller serves as the central control unit that manages the sensing, dispensing, and monitoring processes. Additionally, a liquid level sensor continuously monitors the remaining alcohol level in the dispenser container. When the alcohol level reaches a predefined threshold, a GSM module automatically sends a Short Message Service (SMS) notification to designated personnel, enabling timely refilling and preventing service interruption. The prototype was evaluated based on detection responsiveness, dispensing consistency, system reliability, and SMS notification performance. Results show that the system effectively provides touchless operation, controlled dispensing, and real-time refill alerts. The developed prototype demonstrates a low-cost, automated, and scalable hygiene solution suitable for schools, offices, and other public facilities, contributing to improved sanitation management and public health safety.
Alice Shanti, Deliena Tasha Abd Rahim, Noor Aisyah Idris, Norani Amit, Nur Hidayah Mohd Razali, Siti Salwa Salleh
Web-based survey platforms such as Google Forms and SurveyMonkey have become widely adopted in academic and applied research due to their efficiency, accessibility, and low operational cost. However, open online survey environments introduce challenges related to respondent inattentiveness, satisficing behaviours, and data authenticity, which can compromise the reliability and validity of collected data. To address these issues, this study aims to design, develop, and evaluate a web-based questionnaire framework that integrates intervention techniques to enhance response quality. Specifically, the study identifies three practical intervention mechanisms—straightlining detection, consistency or logic checks, and attention check questions—and embeds them within an incentive-based survey system that securely collects respondent banking details for token distribution. The methodology comprises four phases: identification of intervention techniques through literature review; system design and proof of concept; data collection using the developed platform; and usability evaluation conducted with 11 survey instrument developers. Usability was assessed across five dimensions: interface usability, navigation, clarity, satisfaction, and overall experience. Results indicated strong usability performance, with average scores exceeding 80% across all dimensions. Clarity of instructions achieved the highest score (87%), while efficiency scored 80%, suggesting minor areas for optimization. The findings demonstrate that embedded intervention techniques do not detract from user experience while supporting attentive participation. Future work should focus on validating the effectiveness of these intervention techniques in detecting low-quality responses across diverse respondent populations and survey contexts, as well as exploring automation of real-time response filtering to further enhance data integrity.
Dr. Doreen M. Othero, Sharon Tina Odhiambo
Motorcycle-related injuries remain a significant public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. This study assessed factors associated with head and neck injuries among commercial motorcyclists in Kisumu County, Kenya.A community-based analytical cross-sectional study assessed socio-demographic, behavioral and cognitive determinants of head and neck injuries among 375 commercial motorcyclists in Kisumu County selected through cluster sampling. The lifetime prevalence of head and neck injuries was 5.9%. Most respondents were male (95.7%), aged 25–34 years (44.2%), and had secondary education (51.3%). Inconsistent helmet use was significantly associated with injury at bivariate level (χ² = 10.88, p = 0.012), with riders who never wore helmets having higher crude odds of injury (OR = 4.18; 95% CI: 1.27–13.79). However, this association did not remain statistically significant in the multivariate model, likely due to confounding by riding experience and small cell sizes in the never-use category, as reflected by the wide confidence interval. Multivariate logistic regression showed that riders with more than 6 years of riding experience had significantly increased odds of injury (AOR = 6.39, 95% CI: 1.75–23.37, p = 0.005), suggesting cumulative occupational exposure and possible risk normalization. Overall, riding experience emerged as the only independent predictor of head and neck injuries, while socio-demographic variables and overall knowledge scores were not significant. The findings suggest that behavior-focused interventions and strengthened helmet law enforcement remain important, but prolonged occupational exposure should be prioritized in injury prevention strategies.
Amierah Ariesyah Arifuddin, Nor Syamaliah Ngah, Norazlin Abd Aziz, Nur Aina Nafiisah Mohd Hafizi
This study examines the determinants of social security awareness among gig workers, with specific focus on Grab drivers and riders in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Despite the rapid expansion of the gig economy, participation in formal social protection schemes such as the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO) remains limited. Drawing on the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study investigates how accessibility to information, education and knowledge, and income stability influence awareness of social security protection. A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed, with data collected from 101 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings reveal that all three factors significantly influence SOCSO awareness, with accessibility to information emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.352), followed by income stability (β = 0.343) and education and knowledge (β = 0.302). The model explains a substantial proportion of variance (R² = 0.880), indicating strong explanatory power. The findings highlight the importance of platform-based information dissemination, financial stability, and targeted educational interventions in enhancing awareness among gig workers. This study contributes to the literature on gig economy and social protection by providing empirical evidence from a developing country context and offers policy recommendations to improve participation in social security schemes.
A.C. Imesha Kinkini, R.K.A.D.B.M. Ranaweera
The expansion of English-medium and bilingual education (BE) in postcolonial contexts has intensified debates regarding institutional capacity, equity, and implementation effectiveness, particularly in rural settings. Drawing on institutional theory, this study investigates the regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive determinants of the successful implementation of bilingual secondary education in the Anuradhapura District, Sri Lanka. A quantitative survey design was employed to collect data from 200 teachers and school principals across five educational divisions. Using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, the study tested nine hypotheses encompassing internal (school climate, leadership, curriculum, teacher-related factors, and access to resources) and external (student-related factors, parental involvement, sociocultural interests, and language policy) determinants. The findings indicate that both institutional-level and contextual variables significantly predict the successful implementation of bilingual education. Teacher-related factors and access to resources emerged as the strongest internal predictors, while parental involvement and sociocultural attitudes demonstrated substantial external influence. The results underscore the interdependence between school-level leadership structures and broader policy and community environments in shaping the sustainability of bilingual programs. By operationalizing institutional theory within a rural South Asian educational context, this study extends existing bilingual education research beyond Western immersion and CLIL models. The findings offer empirically grounded policy implications for equitable expansion of English-medium education in resource-constrained, multilingual societies.
Le Thi Ly, Shu-Hui Su, Tsung-Li Chi, Yaling Lin
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the factors such as company size, product/service diversity, ABC system training, and top management support on the implementation of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method within Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) companies in Vietnam. This study also examines the associations between the implementation of activity-based costing system and the outcome of business performance in both financial and non-financial aspects. The survey data was collected from foreign direct investment (FDI) firms in Vietnam. Logistic regression was utilized to test the relationship between various factors and the implementation of Activity-Based Costing (ABC). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify the impact of these factors on the extent of ABC implementation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to investigate the link between ABC implementation and business performance. The research findings indicated that factors such as company size, and product/service diversity, have a statistically significant effect on the implementation of ABC method. In addition, the study found that the product/service diversity, ABC system training and top management support significantly improved the level of ABC implementation. The results of this study supported implementing ABC method has a significant impact on both financial performance and non-financial performance. The implementation of ABC contributed to improving cost efficiency and net profit margins and enhanced operational quality and decision-making capabilities.
Akmal Ahamed Kamal, Muhd Hakim Aizat Bin Mat Jusoh, Raiha Shahanaz Redzuan, Siti Zuraida Maaruf, Siti Zurina Maaruf
This study examines the educational impact of the MULA: Malay Traditional Game Wau Module and the Wau Sobek Kit as interactive teaching and learning resources in secondary school Visual Art Education. The research aims to explore how these culturally grounded instructional tools enhance students’ understanding of the Malay traditional game Wau while fostering cultural appreciation and engagement. A qualitative research design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with two pre-service Visual Art Education teachers to investigate their experiences, perceptions, and pedagogical reflections regarding the implementation of the module and kit it also to evaluate their understanding of the Malay traditional game Wau and to gather qualitative insights into their teaching and learning experiences. The findings reveal that both pre-service teachers responded positively to the use of the MULA module and Wau Sobek Kit. Participants highlighted the effectiveness of these tools in promoting interactive learning, increasing cultural awareness, and enhancing students’ conceptual and practical understanding of traditional Malay games. The results further suggest that integrating culturally responsive teaching materials into art education can meaningfully support the preservation and transmission of traditional knowledge within contemporary educational contexts. Overall, this study underscores the pedagogical value of culturally embedded instructional modules in strengthening heritage education and enriching the teaching and learning process in Visual Art Education.
Buvaneswaren Nair Gunnasekaran, Imaan Hamzah, Noorhayati Noordin, Nur Fatin Abd Hamid, Siti Haryani Mat Yusoff, Vikneswary Tirumalaisamy
This conceptual paper proposes and validates a theoretical model explaining how Spiritual Intelligence (SI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) mediate the relationships among Psychosocial Safety Climate (PSC), Job Demands and Resources (JD‑R), and employee health outcomes. Drawing on organizational psychology and occupational health literature, we argue that PSC serves as a foundational driver of psychologically safe work environments that shape employees’ perceptions of job demands and resources. High job demands are theorized to increase strain and adverse health outcomes, while job resources enhance engagement and well‑being. Importantly, SI and EI are conceptualized as key personal resources that influence how employees interpret, cope, and adapt to workplace stressors. SI contributes meaning, purpose, and resilience, whereas EI supports emotional regulation, social connectedness, and effective stress management. Our model posits that both SI and EI buffer the negative impacts of high job demands and low PSC on health outcomes, and strengthen the benefits of job resources. We outline hypotheses linking these constructs and propose empirical strategies for validation across diverse organizational contexts. The framework offers theoretical advancement by integrating cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of employee experience, and practical guidance for interventions aimed at improving well‑being through targeted development of SI and EI.
Israa Ismael
This study investigates the effectiveness of a gamified Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based instructional program in enhancing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing fluency among preparatory stage students in Egypt. Addressing a critical gap in EFL pedagogy, the study conceptualizes writing fluency as a multidimensional construct encompassing idea generation, organization, coherence, lexical access, and text continuity. A mixed-method, quasi-experimental pretest–posttest control group design was employed with 60 intermediate-level students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received instruction through a structured, gamified AI-supported program integrating tools such as conversational agents, automated feedback systems, and immersive learning environments, while the control group followed traditional instructional practices. Quantitative data from writing fluency tests were analyzed using paired- and independent-samples t-tests, revealing statistically significant improvements in overall writing fluency and its sub-skills in favor of the experimental group, with large effect sizes (η² = 0.359). Qualitative analysis of students’ written productions and interaction logs further demonstrated substantial development in text smoothness, organization, and reflective writing, supported by AI-mediated scaffolding and sustained practice. The findings indicate that gamified AI tools, when pedagogically integrated, can effectively reduce cognitive load, enhance learner engagement, and promote continuous written production. The study contributes to the growing body of AI in language education by foregrounding writing fluency as a central outcome and offering a context-sensitive model for technology-enhanced EFL instruction in school settings. Implications for pedagogy, theory, and future research are discussed.
Azli Bin Ariffin, Haiyan Wu
In the digital transformation wave of global higher education, artificial intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable auxiliary tool for English language learning, especially for non-English major undergraduates in China who take college English as a compulsory public course. However, the current application of AI in English language learning is mostly limited to single-function tool use, lacking systematic activity-based design that conforms to the laws of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) acquisition and the actual learning needs of Chinese undergraduates. This study, as a preliminary research of Phase 1 in Chapter 4 of a doctoral thesis with the title Development of an Activity-Based AI Implementation Model for undergraduate English Language Learning in China, focuses on the perspective of English language learning, and aims to explore the current situation of AI application in undergraduates’ English learning, their attitudes and demands for activity-based AI-assisted learning, so as to lay an empirical foundation for the subsequent model design. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 387 non-English major undergraduates from 4 universities in eastern and central China, and descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on the valid data. The results show that 89.4% of the respondents have used AI tools for English learning, mainly focusing on writing correction and oral pronunciation practice, but they are generally dissatisfied with the lack of systematic activity design of existing AI tools. Meanwhile, undergraduates have a positive attitude towards activity-based AI-assisted English learning, and put forward clear demands for personalized, scenario-based and interactive learning activities. This study enriches the empirical research on the integration of AI and activity-based learning in EFL, provides a reference for the construction of a targeted AI implementation model for Chinese undergraduate English language learning, and also offers practical implications for college English teaching reform under the background of educational digitalization. This paper strictly abides by the research progress, only reports the preliminary questionnaire results, and does not involve the model design and validation which will be carried out in the subsequent research stages.
Catherine F. Madjos, Christian M. Deadio, John Mark B. Lazaro, Renie Jane R. Cubijano
Students’ readiness for e-learning is essential for achieving outcomes in online education, as it directly influences how effectively learners engage in a virtual environment. This study aimed to determine the significant relationship between digital competence and students’ readiness for e-learning in the Local College of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. The respondents of the study were 300 fourth-year students selected through simple random sampling. Two adapted survey questionnaires were used to measure digital competence in terms of command, privileging, appropriation, and reintegration, and students’ readiness for e-learning in terms of technology access, technology skills, study skills, time management, and motivation. This study utilized quantitative non-experimental research through a descriptive correlational design. Mean and Pearson r were employed as statistical tools in analyzing the data. The findings revealed that the level of both digital competence and students’ readiness for e-learning was high, indicating that both variables are oftentimes observed. Moreover, the results showed a very strong and significant relationship between digital competence and students’ readiness for e-learning. This implies that higher levels of digital competence are associated with higher levels of readiness for e-learning. Therefore, students with higher levels of digital competence tend to demonstrate greater readiness for e-learning, reflected in the ability to effectively use digital tools in online learning environments. This suggests that enhancing students’ digital skills can positively influence engagement, motivation, and success in e-learning.
Asiimwe Specioza, Ntalo Nasulu Hussein, Obinna Osigwe
Uganda occupies a peculiar crossroads in the contemporary digital moment. It carries one of Africa's most richly plural cultural inheritances — over 56 distinct ethnic communities, each with its own language, ceremonial life, and moral order — and simultaneously a country where, by 2023, nearly 47% of the population had accessed the internet (UCC, 2023), with youth constituting the overwhelming majority of active users. This paper is a narrative review of the scholarly and institutional literature examining what unfolds at that intersection, with particular attention to structural inequalities in global digital content distribution and the divergent experiences of rural and urban youth populations. Drawing on 42 peer-reviewed sources and grey literature reports published between 2010 and 2024, the study examines how digital influence shapes cultural identity among Ugandan youth aged 15 to 35. An original conceptual framework structures the analysis: Digital Influence is the independent variable, operationalized through Influencer Cultural Positioning, Content Relevance, Digital Participation, and Network Connectivity; Cultural Identity is the dependent variable, captured through Cultural Awareness, Cultural Pride, Cultural Consumption Patterns, and Community Influence; the relationship between these variables is mediated by Social Comparison and Digital Literacy; and it is moderated by Socioeconomic Status, Family Cultural Strength, Peer Group Orientation, and Platform Type — with platform-specific pathways through TikTok, Instagram, WhatsApp, and YouTube. Four major themes emerge. First, digital engagement produces cultural hybridization, though this process is distributed unequally along the urban-rural axis and cannot be celebrated without critical attention to the structural power imbalances that shape its terms. Second, platform-mediated exposure to English-dominant content is accelerating language shift with demonstrable long-term implications for indigenous language vitality, while emerging revitalization movements offer qualified grounds for optimism. Third, global digital content is reshaping social norms around gender, sexuality, and religious identity. Fourth, a meaningful counter-movement of digital cultural resistance is actively growing. The paper closes with five evidence-based recommendations that explicitly address rural inclusion, methodological transparency, and structural power in global digital media
Felicia Angereke, Luter Henry Songu, Yashim, Augustine Boniface
This study investigates the availability of digital reference resources in university libraries within Benue State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from all nine digital reference librarians across three universities via a structured questionnaire. Results indicated a 100% availability of a core set of fourteen digital reference resources, including CD-ROMs, e-journals, e-books, e-theses, internet infrastructure, databases, and essential hardware such as computers and scanners. The findings suggest a foundational level of digital resource provision exists within these libraries. However, availability does not equate to sufficiency, quality, or accessibility. The study concludes that while a basic digital infrastructure is present, significant challenges likely persist in terms of resource depth, currency, bandwidth, and user support. Recommendations focus on moving beyond basic provision to ensure sustainable, high-quality, and user-centric digital library services.
Dr. A. Meenakshi, Dr. M. Senthil
In the era of rapid technological advancement, marketing has undergone a profound transformation driven by digital innovation, changing consumer behavior, and evolving societal expectations. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of digital transformation and emerging trends in marketing, examining the influence of artificial intelligence, augmented reality, influencer marketing, sustainability initiatives, and data-driven decision-making. The study explores how these innovations enhance consumer engagement, strengthen brand loyalty, and create competitive advantages in a highly dynamic marketplace. By integrating insights from academic research and industry practices, this paper highlights the strategic implications of adopting contemporary marketing technologies and outlines future directions for organizations seeking sustainable growth through innovation.
Akpanuko, Essien E, Jackson, Dorcas Ubong, Martin, Macauley Chrysanthus
The paper examined how the digital transformation has impacted the performance of the deposit money banks in Nigeria between 2009H1 and 2024H2. The point-of-sale transactions (POS), web payment transactions (WPAY), and mobile payment transactions (MPAY) were used as proxies of digital transformation, and the performance was evaluated by the ratio of return on assets (ROA), personnel expenses to gross income (PEGI), and the ratio of return on equity (ROE). The research design adopted was ex-post facto research and the secondary time-series data employed was of bi-annual data that was sourced in the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and Financial Stability Reports. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, augmented dickey fuller unit root tests, error correction modelling, ordinary least squares multiple regression, and post estimation Diagnostic tests were used. The findings showed that the statistically significant impact on ROA was jointly with digital transformation (R-squared = 0.3332; F-statistic = 4.6645; p = 0.0091) but POS, WPAY, and MPAY were not significantly significant at the 5 percent level. In the case of PEGI, the impact of digital transformation on personnel-cost efficiency had a significant and statistically significant influence (R-squared = 0.8770; F-statistic = 66.5747; p = 0.0000). In the case of ROE, the combined effect was only very weakly explanatory and statistically insignificant (R-squared = 0.0353; F-statistic = 0.3413; p = 0.7956). The long-run tests based on the residual revealed that the three models had stable long-term relationships and the error-correction terms were not only negative but also statistically significant, which indicated the adjustment of short-run disequilibrium into the long-run equilibrium. It was found that digital transformation is applicable to the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria, although its impact is greater on the asset profitability and personnel-cost efficiency than on the shareholder return in the period considered. The research suggested more robust digital infrastructure, web-payment optimization, enhanced security architecture, cost-discipline, and integrated channel management.
Dr. Mukaila Abiola Tonade, Dr. Olabisi Bolarinwa Odewole, Olusegun Amos Oyebanjo
This study examined the effect of Digitalization on Cost Efficiency (CE) in the Ogun State public sector, Nigeria. Specifically, it evaluated the influence of key digital financial management systems, Government Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS), Integrated Personnel and Payroll Information System (IPPIS), Treasury Single Account (TSA), and Digital Infrastructure (DI) on CE. Data were collected from 396 employees across nineteen (19) ministries using a structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire, out of which 389 responses were obtained for analysis. The data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0. The findings revealed that digitalization had a statistically significant effect on CE in Ogun State (p = 0.046 < 0.05). However, the model’s explanatory power is relatively low (R² = 0.169), indicating that digitalization accounted for only a limited proportion of the variation in CE and suggesting that other relevant factors not included in the model may also influence outcomes. DI exhibited a statistically significant and positive effect on CE (β = 0.275, p = 0000), indicating that infrastructure improvements contributed to enhanced CE. Conversely, GIFMIS (β = -0.405) and IPPIS (β = -0.301) exhibited negative, statistically insignificant effects. This may be attributed to implementation challenges such as inadequate technical capacity, poor system integration, resistance to change, and institutional inefficiencies, which limit their effectiveness despite their theoretical importance in public financial management. TSA (β = 0.460) demonstrated a positive but statistically insignificant relationship with CE, suggesting that its potential benefits may not yet be fully realized. The study concluded that digitalization significantly influenced CE. However, its impact varies across different digital systems and depends largely on implementation effectiveness and institutional context. It recommends strengthening user capacity, improving system integration, and enhancing governance frameworks to ensure effective utilization of digital systems. Additionally, policymakers should complement infrastructure investments with institutional reforms and performance monitoring mechanisms.
Ahmad Aftas Azman, Mohd Fauzi Derani, Panneer Selvem Indiran
University-level athletic events frequently depend on fragmented manual administrative procedures, resulting in inefficiencies, data errors, and operational delays. This article highlights the design, development, and usability assessment of the Varsity Combat Sport (VCS) 2025 System, a comprehensive web-based digital platform created to oversee Malaysia’s first national varsity combat sport tournament. The Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (KPT), in conjunction with MASUM, MSP, MASISWA, and MASKOM, orchestrated VCS 2025, which had 838 athletes from 46 contingents around Malaysia, participating in disciplines including as silat, taekwondo, and karate. The system replaced traditional paper-based methods with a centralized digital solution that includes registration, medical documentation, accreditation, scheduling, real-time results, medal tally calculation, reporting, and multimedia preservation. The platform, built on WordPress as the primary content management system and connected with the proprietary M Taekwondo Form System, automates athlete registration, division mapping, and data processing. A usability assessment was performed experimentally, including five dimensions: ease of use, interface and design quality, functionality, learnability, and user satisfaction. Results include elevated overall usability, increased administrative efficiency, less human mistake, and augmented transparency. The research illustrates the feasibility of scalable digital transformation in the organization of university sporting events.
Abdul Ghani bin Md Din, Ebrahim Mohammad Ahmad Eldesoky, Mohd Azizul Rahman bin Zabidin
This study examines discourse markers as a core component of stylistic competence in Arabic L2 writing from a functional perspective. It addresses a persistent gap in which learners demonstrate grammatical accuracy but produce texts lacking coherence and rhetorical organisation. Adopting a qualitative conceptual-analytical approach, the study synthesises insights from Arabic rhetorical tradition and functional linguistics to model discourse markers as a system of cohesive devices that regulate inter-sentential relations. The analysis shows that weaknesses in learner writing are primarily discourse-functional, reflected in fragmented structure, under-specified semantic relations, over-reliance on a limited set of markers, and first language transfer. The study further establishes a functional classification of discourse markers into major categories, demonstrating that they operate as an integrated system governing textual organisation, with inferential, causal, and adversative markers carrying greater functional load in academic discourse. The findings position discourse markers as central to coherence and argument development, and argue for a shift toward discourse-oriented pedagogy that emphasises their contextual and functional deployment.
Abang Zainoren Bin Abang Abdurahman, Azlina Bujang, Daymar Latok anak Daya, Sitti Hawa Sheikh Mohammad
The Rapid Digital Transformation Of The Global Tourism Industry Has Positioned Digital Entrepreneurship Defined As The Strategic Deployment Of Digital Technologies To Generate Value As A Key Driver Of Organizational Innovation And Competitiveness (Nambisan Et Al., 2023). However, The Relationship Between Digital Entrepreneurship And Sustained Innovation Remains Underexamined, Especially In Regional Tourism Contexts Where Businesses Face Resource Constraints And Rapidly Evolving Technologies (Zhao & Lucas, 2024). Innovation Sustainability Which Involves An Organization’s Capacity To Consistently Develop, Implement And Refine Innovations Across Products, Services, Processes And Business Models (Chen & Kumar, 2025) Integrates Human Expertise And Technological Assets To Enable Ongoing Innovation (Rodriguez Et Al., 2024). In Tourism, Such Continuity Is Crucial For Adapting To Environmental Shifts, Enhancing Competitiveness, And Ensuring Long-Term Resilience (Harsono Et Al., 2024). Kuching, Sarawak Offers A Relevant Case As The Sarawak Digital Economy Blueprint 2030 (Sarawak Multimedia Authority, 2020) Encourages Tourism Businesses To Embrace Digital Entrepreneurship For Sustainable Innovation. While Digital Technologies Can Lower Operational Costs And Improve Customer Engagement (Nambisan Et Al., 2019), Persistent Challenges Such As Limited Infrastructure And Uneven Digital Adoption Continue To Impede Progress (Fuerst Et Al., 2023)
Roger Ayimbillah Atinga, Yao Belinda Yeboah
This systematic literature review assesses the role of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) in improving healthcare service delivery efficiency in Ghana. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science was conducted, yielding 24 empirical studies published between 2008 and 2026. Thematic analysis identified eleven interrelated themes, including perceived benefits, implementation barriers, user acceptance, training, infrastructure constraints, data security, policy support, interoperability, change management, financial sustainability, and patient engagement. Findings indicate that EHR systems positively impact healthcare efficiency by reducing patient waiting times, improving workflow processes, enhancing data accuracy, and supporting timely clinical decisions. However, these benefits are unevenly realised due to persistent challenges such as unreliable electricity, poor internet connectivity, inadequate technical support, limited staff digital literacy, and weak interoperability. Organisational factors, including leadership commitment, continuous training, and sustainable funding, critically determine adoption and long-term system performance. The study concludes that while EHRs are essential tools for modernising healthcare delivery, their effectiveness in Ghana depends on coordinated investments in infrastructure, capacity building, governance, and context-sensitive implementation strategies. Recommendations include a national digital health policy, enforced interoperability standards, sustained facility-level funding, and embedded digital health training for all healthcare workers. This review provides evidence-based insights to guide policy decisions and improve EHR implementation outcomes in low-resource settings.
James Olugbenga ADISA, Mary Oluyinka OLOJEDE, Tolulope Olukunle OGUNSOLA, Wasiu Adedamola RASAKI
Backyard gardening provides an opportunity for urban households to supplement their food supply, reduce household food expenses, and improve nutrition. This study examined the effect of backyard gardening on the food security status of urban households in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 180 household heads from three urban Local Government Areas in Ibadan Metropolis. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that 71.7% of respondents engaged in backyard gardening, with most cultivating small plots of land between 20–30m2. Results showed that 69.4% of sampled households were food secure, while households involved in backyard gardening recorded significantly higher food security levels than those not engaged in the practice. Logistic regression analysis indicated that backyard gardening had a positive and statistically significant effect on household food security status (β = 8.9020; p < 0.01). Other significant determinants of food security included land size, income, education level, and primary occupation, while age and household size negatively influenced food security. Major constraints faced by urban households in backyard gardening included lack of tools, pest and disease infestation, inadequate farming knowledge among others. The study concludes that backyard gardening significantly improves urban household food security and serves as an effective strategy for enhancing food availability and accessibility in urban areas. The study recommends the promotion of backyard gardening through government support, extension services, awareness campaigns, and provision of subsidized gardening inputs and tools to urban households.
Ismail Auwal Muhammad, Kutus, Martins Oloruntoba
This study investigated the effect of forensic accounting techniques on transparency (A study of Plateau State Internal Revenue Service). A survey design was adopted for the study. The service has a total population of 376 staff. The population constitutes of Accountants, Tax Officers, Auditors and Legal staff involved in forensic accounting activities and transparency. Using Taro Yamane, the sample size was determined to be 194. The study employed primary data. Data was analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis with the help of Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS 26). Findings revealed that ratio analysis technique has a statistically significant negative effect on transparency in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service. It also revealed that reviewing financial statement technique has positive and no significant effect on transparency in Plateau State Internal Revenue Service. It was recommended that Plateau State Internal Revenue Service (PSIRS) should routinely apply ratio analysis in audits and internal reviews due to detect manipulation, underreporting, and financial misstatement early, improving overall transparency in revenue reporting. It was also recommended that Plateau State Internal Revenue Service (PSIRS) should educate staff members on the importance of forensic accounting techniques and should invest in regular training programs on digital forensics, fraud detection tools, and investigative accounting methods.
Dorji Wangchuk, Kinga Dorji, Nima Tshering, Sherab Tenzin, Sonam Choden
This study investigated the effectiveness of the cooperative learning method in improving the academic performance of Class X students and developing competencies that can be applied across different subjects and real-life situations at Orong Central School. A mixed-method approach was used in the study. The quantitative component involved analysing students’ academic achievement before and after the implementation of cooperative learning. Data were collected from 50 Class X students and three teachers. Students’ academic results from the second term of 2024 (before the use of cooperative learning) were obtained from school records and compared with their results from the first term of 2023 after the implementation of cooperative learning. The qualitative component included students’ and teachers’ perceptions of cooperative learning gathered through questionnaires and teacher interviews. The findings revealed that students showed strong interest in collaborating with peers and were actively engaged in the teaching–learning process, rather than relying solely on the teacher. Students reported increased confidence in sharing ideas, presenting group findings, and supporting one another during discussions. Cooperative learning also encouraged students to recognise diverse perspectives, thereby enhancing their critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities. The study concluded that cooperative learning promotes active participation, effective communication, and collaborative problem-solving among students. It is therefore recommended that cooperative learning strategies be integrated into classroom instruction to enhance students’ academic achievement and develop essential life skills.
Jericho Y. Baybayan, Twinkle Gem M. Abelarde
This study investigated the effectiveness of three teaching strategies namely Differentiated Instruction, Direct Instruction, and Collaborative Learning on the academic performance of junior high school students in a Mathematics Intervention Program in a private school in Central Mindanao, Philippines. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was employed involving 117 Grade 10 students, each assigned to one of the three strategies over one school quarter or six weeks. Academic performance was measured using a validated researcher-made mathematics test administered as both pretest and posttest. Descriptive statistics and paired samples t-tests were used to examine changes in mean scores within each group, while a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared academic gains across the three strategies to determine which produced the greatest improvement. Findings showed statistically significant gains for all strategies, with performance improving from Fairly Satisfactory to Satisfactory levels (p < 0.05). Differentiated Instruction yielded the largest mean gain, followed by Direct Instruction, with Collaborative Learning also producing positive, though comparatively smaller, gains. Anchored in Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory and Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences Theory, the study underscores the importance of responsive pedagogy in interventions and recommends prioritizing differentiated and direct instruction while incorporating collaborative activities to deepen understanding and engagement.
Iris April L. Ramirez, Shella Khrystyn B. Angga
In recent years, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching approaches, offering innovative ways to enhance learners’ learning. Among these, video-based learning has emerged as an effective instructional tool that supports learners’ understanding of complex concepts and promotes active engagement in science education, particularly in topics such as chemical bonding. Learners often encounter difficulties due to the abstract nature of the content. This highlights the need for instructional strategies that can simplify concepts while maintaining the learner’s interest Leaners often prefer multimedia instruction that reflects the technologies they use outside school (Jukes & Schaaf, 2019). Chemical bonding, for instance, is inherently abstract, making it difficult for many learners to grasp (Widarti et.al., 2024). The use of visual tools such as videos, images, and simulations can help learners better visualize atomic and molecular processes ( Asedillas & Quimbo,2019). Studies have shown a well-designed video tutorials can enhance learners’ engagement and academic performance by addressing diverse learning needs (Whitney & Dallas, 2019; lopes, 2023). These materials provide a visually engaging and flexible learning environment, allowing learners to process information more effectively. The effectiveness of video-based learning is supported by established theories. Paivio’s Dual Coding Theory (1971) explains that learners process information through both verbal and visual channels, improving comprehension and retention when both are used. This supports the use of video tutorials as a meaningful instructional tool, In the Philippines context, the importance of educational technology became more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic, when learners faced limited teacher interaction, unstable internet access, and challenges in in independent learning (Tria,2020). In response, the Department of Education (DepEd) emphasized the use of digital learning tools, including teacher-developed video tutorials, to support continuity of learning. Video tutorials also promote independent learning by allowing learners to control the pace of instruction through pausing, replaying, and reviewing content (Brame,2016). This particularly beneficial for learners who need additional time to understand lessons, including non-native English speakers ( Mecida et.al.,2016). Moreover, learner interest plays a crucial role in effective learning. Learners are more likely to engage in subjects they find relevant and interesting (Lai et.al.,2016). Video tutorials can enhance motivation by presenting lessons in an interactive and visually appealing manner, making learning more meaningful and engaging (Breslyn & Green,2022; Mecida et.al., 2023). Beyond academic performance, learners' interest is crucial to effective learning. Studies indicate that learners are more likely to engage in subjects they find interesting and relevant (Lai et al., 2016). Besides academic performance, student interest is key to effective learning, as research shows that students are more engaged in subjects that they find interesting and relevant. Video tutorials can boost motivation and interest by making lessons more interactive and visually appealing. Moreover, video tutorials have been found to significantly increase learners’ interest and motivation. When lessons are presented in a visually engaging and interactive format, learners are more likely to participate actively and develop a positive attitude toward the subject (Lai et.al., 2016). Research also highlights that technology bn-based instructional materials can make learning more enjoyable, accessible, and meaningful, thereby improving both engagement and academic outcomes (Breslyn & Green, 2022; Mecida et al., 2023). Despite the advantages of the use of videos, it must be noted that the effectiveness of video tutorials depends on their design, usability, and relevance to learners’ needs (Lange et al., 2020). Also, although using visual and auditory media in video lectures is clear, online educators need to be mindful of the potential drawbacks that can arise from their misuse. Lange et al. (2020) stated that information transfer issues can arise when media are presented in ways that restrict viewers' concentration, attention, interest, and engagement. Based on a study by Bullo (2021), most students are less engaged in listening during lectures. This implies that learners who are not actively engaged in lectures may struggle to comprehend and retain information, resulting in lower academic performance. Moreover, his findings suggest that educators should explore and implement teaching strategies that promote active listening and engagement. Despite these promising advantages, gaps remain in existing literature. While many studies emphasize the effectiveness of video tutorials in improving learners’ understanding and engagement, there is limited research focusing on their combined impact on both academic performance and learners’ interest, particularly in grade 9 chemistry. Additionally, there is a need to explore the effectiveness of researcher-made video tutorials that are specifically designed to align with learners’ needs. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of researcher-made video tutorials in enhancing the academic performance and learning interest of Grade 9 chemistry learners. Specifically, it seeks to determine whether the integration of video tutorials can improve learners’ understanding of chemical bonding and increase their engagement in the learning process.
CHRP. John Manesa Mule, Dr. James Karau, Dr. Selerina Samba Mwaruta Wanjau
This study examined the influence of employee engagement on Quality of Work Life (QWL) among healthcare workers in public health facilities in Machakos County, Kenya. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was adopted, with data collected from 195 healthcare workers using structured questionnaires measured on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and ordinal logistic regression. Findings revealed moderate to high levels of employee engagement (M = 3.82, SD = 1.10), with significant differences across professional cadres (F(3,191) = 6.45, p < .001). Ordinal regression results indicated that employee engagement significantly predicts QWL (OR = 1.72, p < .001), implying that higher engagement substantially increases the likelihood of improved work-life quality. The study concludes that employee engagement is a critical driver of employee well-being and organizational effectiveness. It recommends strengthening participatory leadership, communication, recognition systems, and teamwork to enhance QWL and service delivery in public health facilities.
Ahmad Rizal Mohd Yusof, Baharuzaini Baharin, Basir Bahir, Mohd Firdaus Yahaya
Higher Education Institutions are now at a point where institutional inclusivity is both a structural need and an operational requirement to navigate the ever-increasing complexity of diversity within their ecosystems effectively. This paper examines the strategic and practical challenges faced by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in promoting Sustainable Development Goal 10 (SDG 10), primarily through creating more inclusive policies that focus on individuals with disabilities (PWDs) and other vulnerable populations within the university community. While UKM has formally stated its commitment to inclusion as part of its sustainability strategic plan 2030, initial evaluation indicates a large gap between formal statements of intent and actual practice, specifically in the deployment of staff resources and the provision of services to support individuals with disabilities. Utilizing a data-driven action research methodology, this study employs policy document analysis, survey and interview data, and a web-based monitoring tool (inclusive dashboard) to assess how effectively existing policy frameworks are being implemented; identify gaps in implementation; and offer more responsive, intersectional, and evidence-driven institutional practices. Preliminary findings indicate that the principal barriers to mainstreaming inclusivity include both the physical/structural barriers to accessibility and ineffective mechanisms for monitoring. This paper suggests a new policy framework, developed collaboratively with key stakeholders across the university, and a live data system that would ensure the principles of social justice are not only recorded but also made transparent and sustainable. This study contributes significantly to the broader literature on academic discourse while offering substantial policy implications for transformative efforts to achieve equity and inclusivity within institutions.
Jolly O. Cornelio, Regine L. Pacardo
This action research, led by teacher-reservists, evaluated the effectiveness of the “Squad System” intervention—a military-inspired behavioral framework designed to enhance classroom discipline and task completion among Grade 1 learners. Conducted at Kulaman Central Elementary School, the study involved 59 key stakeholders, including 28 learners, 28 parents, and 3 professional observers. Utilizing a quantitative pre-test/post-test design, data were analyzed through weighted mean scores, Paired-Samples T-tests in Jamovi, and Triple-Axis Data Triangulation. Following a 21-day cycle, results revealed a transformative behavioral shift. The overall Grand Mean improved from a baseline of 1.57 (Developing) to 2.58 (Highly Effective), yielding statistically significant growth (p < .001). Specifically, classroom discipline improved by +0.99 (t(27) = 27.80) and task completion by +1.12 (t(27) = 191.60). Triangulated parental data highlighted a +0.88 mean gain, confirming a "Halo Effect" where classroom discipline generalized into domestic routines. In conclusion, the Squad System—leveraging the authors’ military expertise—is a highly effective mechanism for stabilizing early elementary behavior via peer-led accountability. It is recommended that the district institutionalize this intervention by adopting the standardized operating manual into local policies to guarantee long-term behavioral sustainability.
Afifi Nordin, Amirul Syafiq Mohd Ghazali, Noor Jannah Afi, Salfarina Abdul Gapor, Siti Maizalaizzah Akma Adnan
This study focuses on the determinants of academic motivation among Rohingya refugee students at the Rohingya Community School in Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia. Since a vast majority of Rohingya children in Malaysia do not have proper access to formal education (Lee & Hoque, 2024; UNHCR, 2024), the identification of these determinants is crucial. This study integrates Self-Determination Theory (SDT), Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), and Resilience Theory in an attempt to evaluate the impact of autonomy, competence, social support, self-efficacy, and resilience on student motivation. This study employs a quantitative cross-sectional survey design, collecting data from 40 students aged 9-17 through questionnaires. The questionnaire was designed based on the three theories: SDT, SCT and Resilience Theory. The findings indicate that social cognitive factors and resilience both play a more significant role in educational motivation compared to self-determination. It suggests that external support and a safe learning environment play a crucial role in encouraging Rohingya students towards education. The findings offer evidence for focused interventions depending on the unique challenges of Rohingya students. With the incorporation of SDT, SCT, and Resilience Theory, this study offers a multidimensional model expressing psychological needs, social learning processes, and protective resilience factors influencing educational motivation. The results can guide policymakers, NGOs, and educators in developing inclusive education policies and support systems for refugee children excluded from formal education systems, and thus improve their academic engagement and overall well-bein
Pham The Hung
In the context of rapid socio-economic transformation and increasing psychosocial risks among adolescents, school-based psychological counseling has become an urgent educational priority in Vietnam. This qualitative study explores the current status, challenges, and strategic measures for enhancing psychological counseling activities in lower secondary schools in Long Xuyen Ward, An Giang Province. Data were collected from over 400 lower secondary students and 35 teachers concurrently assigned to school counseling roles through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. Findings reveal a high demand for counseling support related to academic pressure, peer relationships, parent–child conflict, emotional regulation, and career orientation. However, counseling services remain fragmented, under-resourced, and largely delivered by non-specialized staff lacking systematic training. Cultural barriers, limited funding, and institutional ambiguity further constrain effectiveness. Based on thematic analysis, the study proposes a multi-tiered intervention framework emphasizing professional capacity building, structural institutionalization, parental engagement, culturally responsive practices, and policy-level investment. The findings contribute to the development of sustainable school counseling models in lower secondary education within emerging educational systems.
Fortunato M. Balbis, Jr. Ph.D
This study evaluated the implementation of the Common Service Facility (CSF) under the Department of Agrarian Reform–Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (DAR-ARCCESS) Program in Ocampo, Camarines Sur. The CSF comprised farm machinery and equipment, including four-wheel-drive tractors, a hauling truck, and hand tractors, utilized by Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Organizations (ARBOs) to enhance members’ economic productivity. A descriptive-evaluative research design was employed, involving officers and members from selected ARBOs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Results indicated that the implementation of the CSF was generally perceived as highly acceptable in terms of ease of operation, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. However, availability of units and policy implementation were rated as moderately acceptable. Key challenges identified included limited-service coverage, low rental competitiveness, scheduling constraints, inadequate financial record-keeping, insufficient maintenance practices, and lack of trained or permanent operators. To address these issues, the study recommends strengthening promotional strategies, increasing member engagement, developing second-line operators, enforcing operational policies such as job order documentation, enhancing operator capacity through continuous training, and institutionalizing regular financial reporting. These measures are expected to improve the efficiency, sustainability, and overall impact of the CSF under the DAR-ARCCESS Program.
David Bozward
The resources underpinning entrepreneurship continue to be theorised in largely separate disciplinary traditions. Sociological accounts emphasise processes of cultural and social reproduction, strategic management focuses on valuable, rare, and inimitable resources, while development studies frame livelihoods as portfolios of capital assets. In parallel, sustainability practice has increasingly operationalised value creation through multi-capital lenses embedded within ESG governance and disclosure regimes. Taken together, these perspectives offer partial insights, but their fragmentation limits theoretical integration and slows the accumulation of comparable empirical evidence. This paper brings these strands together through the development of an Eight-Capital Entrepreneurial Capital Model (ECM), incorporating cultural, experiential (human), financial, intellectual, manufactured, natural, social, and spiritual capital within a single framework. Entrepreneurial capital is conceptualised as a multidimensional and dynamic resource system, consistent with work on sustainable livelihoods and capital portfolios. Within this framework, entrepreneurial outcomes—including opportunity recognition, resource mobilisation, innovation, resilience, and sustainability performance—are understood to depend both on the configuration of capital endowments and on the capacity to orchestrate, reconfigure, and legitimise these resources over time. The paper proceeds by developing theory-informed propositions that link individual and interacting forms of capital to key outcomes, alongside an integrative mechanism in which resource orchestration and dynamic capabilities mediate the translation of capital into performance. To support empirical application, operational definitions are provided, together with indicative measurement constructs and survey items. A staged research agenda is also outlined, combining qualitative exploration, scale development, cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, and mixed-method approaches. The ECM can be theoretically aligned with multi-capital approaches embedded within ESG and integrated reporting frameworks, particularly those advanced by the International Integrated Reporting Council. These frameworks conceptualise value creation as a function of multiple interacting capital stocks, including financial, manufactured, intellectual, human, social, and natural capital. The ECM extends this perspective by incorporating cultural and spiritual capital, thereby addressing behavioural, normative, and ethical dimensions of entrepreneurial activity that are not fully captured in existing ESG models. In doing so, it provides a more comprehensive account of how entrepreneurial ventures create, sustain, and legitimate value within increasingly regulated and sustainability-oriented environments.
Alia Nabella Fateha Zolkifli, Sharina Saad
This study explored how ESL undergraduates use and perceive artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing. Using a quantitative-dominant mixed-methods cross-sectional survey design, 31 responses were collected from students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Kedah. To align the analysis with the study scope, 28 undergraduate responses were retained for the main analysis, while three non-target responses (two postgraduate and one diploma) were excluded. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the closed-ended items, while open-ended responses were examined thematically. The findings show that AI use was common: 60.7% of respondents reported using AI tools often, 35.7% sometimes, and 3.6% always. ChatGPT was used by all respondents (100.0%), followed by QuillBot (85.7%) and Grammarly (32.1%). Students mainly used AI for generating ideas or outlines (82.1%), correcting grammar and spelling (75.0%), and rephrasing sentences (67.9%). Perceptions were generally positive, with respondents agreeing that AI improves writing quality (M = 4.25), supports better writing skills (M = 4.18), saves time (M = 3.86), and increases confidence in writing (M = 4.07). Nevertheless, qualitative responses revealed concerns about inaccurate information, plagiarism, overdependence, and reduced critical thinking. Overall, students viewed AI as a supportive tool rather than a replacement for their own effort. The study suggests that AI can be integrated productively into ESL writing instruction when accompanied by clear ethical guidelines, disclosure practices, and AI literacy training.
Ndidiamaka Patience OKAFOR, Sakibu Olajide SAIBU, Sakirat Adenike BALOGUN
The increasing application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) classrooms is revolutionising teaching and learning worldwide. However, this progress raises ethical concerns regarding responsible use, data privacy and the erosion of human thinking in learning. This descriptive survey study examined how STEM students in the three Lagos State-owned tertiary institutions in Nigeria perceive and respond to ethical issues in AI-driven learning environments and how these perceptions influence the development of responsible digital skills. A sample of 430 undergraduate 300 level STEM students participated in the study. Data were collected using the Ethical AI and Responsible Skill Development Questionnaire (EAIRSDQ), comprising sections on demographics, AI awareness, ethical understanding and responsible usage. The questionnaire was validated by three experts in AI ethics and educational measurement, and a pilot study yielded a Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.87. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean) and inferential statistics (ANOVA). Results revealed strong students’ level of awareness about ethical implications of AI tools in learning and responsible AI integration and use in STEM education for skills development. ANOVA result further showed significant differences in ethical awareness and responsible use across STEM disciplines. This implies that ethical AI literacy is influenced by disciplinary context, making uniform instructional approaches insufficient. Consequently, it is recommended that tertiary institutions adopt discipline-specific ethical AI frameworks, embed structured ethics training within STEM curricula and promote interdisciplinary integration to ensure consistent and responsible AI use across all fields.
Cllr. Charles Karmo, Gloward E.D Baysah
Ethics play a fundamental role in the functioning of the criminal justice system, as decisions made by criminal justice actors directly affect individual rights, public trust, and the maintenance of societal order. This article critically examines the ethical challenges within the criminal justice system, with a particular focus on achieving a balance between justice, accountability, and the protection of human rights. It explores key ethical frameworks, including utilitarianism, deontological ethics, and virtue ethics, highlighting how these theories inform decision-making and professional conduct in criminal justice practice. The study further analyzes the complex ethical dilemmas faced by various actors within the system, including law enforcement officers, prosecutors, judges, and correctional officials. These dilemmas often arise in situations involving discretion, use of force, prosecutorial judgment, sentencing, and the treatment of offenders. The article demonstrates how unethical practices—such as abuse of authority, corruption, discrimination, excessive use of force, and violations of due process—can significantly undermine the legitimacy and credibility of the justice system. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the consequences of ethical failures, including wrongful convictions, erosion of public confidence, and systemic injustice. It argues that maintaining high ethical standards is essential for ensuring fairness, transparency, and respect for the rule of law. The article concludes by offering practical recommendations aimed at strengthening ethical decision-making, enhancing accountability mechanisms, promoting professional integrity, and ensuring compliance with human rights standards across all levels of the criminal justice system.
Balakrishna Ankalam
Context: Demand for micro-irrigation (MI) technologies has increased in semi-arid agricultural areas due to water scarcity, but the spread of such technologies promoted through government subsidy schemes has often been compromised by poor governance and elite capture, with the most vulnerable farmers failing to benefit. Objectives: This paper examines awareness levels, identification of beneficiaries, impact on use and the estimation of leakages among state government-subsidized Micro-Irrigation System (MIS) schemes in Palnadu District of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: The primary data were collected from 145 farmers belonging to 4 villages in Macherla mandal through a structured schedule and the data was analysed with the help of χ2 tests. Key Results: However, 60.42% of applications were approved, and implementation was highly unequal. Delays in subsidies were reported in 46.55% of the cases, field verification was insufficient in 66.21%, and elite capture was noted in 50.34% of the recipients. Tenant farmers were excluded at a rate of 54.48%, and collusion between contractors, government officials and beneficiaries was found in 64.14% of cases. Education was a significant predictor of scheme awareness (χ² (df) =11.24, p=0.024), and self-exclusion — rather than formal discrimination on the basis of land size — was one of the major barriers to access. Among the respondents who actually benefited (n = 26), a total of 89.66% reported water savings of 30–50%. Implications: To promote more equitable irrigation development there is a need for direct and transparent beneficiary selection, strong field monitoring, affirmative action for small and marginal farmers and protection of scheme administration from political interference.
Aeron M. Delos Santos, Armil C. Roque, Rosemarie F. Buenafrancisca
Food vendors near the Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP) Cabiao provide affordable and convenient meals for students. The safety of these foods, nonetheless, is highly reliant on the practices of vendors who prepare and serve them. This study examined the food safety practices of these vendors and how such practices influence student preference in choosing where to buy food. In accordance with the FDA Food Code and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study focused on six key areas: food handling, personal hygiene, food storage and maintenance, sanitation and facility cleanliness, food waste disposal, and compliance with permits and licensing. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, data were collected from 244 students through a validated survey. Findings indicated that vendors were mostly viewed as meeting basic food safety standards, with the highest ratings given to proper food handling. Personal hygiene and waste disposal, however, showed gaps needing attention. Correlational analysis confirmed that safer and more transparent vendor practices strongly shape student trust, attitudes, and buying behavior. The study underscores that food safety extends beyond regulatory compliance; it is also a crucial factor in maintaining consumer confidence and upholding the livelihoods of vendors. Ensuring that vendors are equipped with enough knowledge, training, and accountability mechanisms is essential to protect public health while promoting the long-term viability of small food businesses. Additionally, enhancing cooperation among vendors, schools, and health authorities can build shared responsibility in establishing a culture of safe and responsible food practices around the campus.
Joana LAPA
This study investigates the relationship between teaching approaches and student performance in primary education, with a particular focus on language learning outcomes in Albania. The research is grounded in data derived from the National Assessment of Pupils’ Achievement, administered at the end of grade five. Given the increasing emphasis on improving educational quality, understanding the role of instructional practices in shaping student outcomes has become essential. A mixed-method research design was employed, combining quantitative statistical analysis with qualitative interpretation of teaching practices. The quantitative component involved descriptive statistics and comparative analysis of student achievement across different instructional approaches. The qualitative component focused on identifying patterns in pedagogical practices and their influence on learning outcomes. The findings indicate that student-centered teaching approaches, characterized by interaction, collaboration, and active engagement, are significantly associated with higher levels of student achievement. In contrast, teacher-centered approaches show lower effectiveness in developing language competencies. These results are consistent with established educational theories emphasizing active learning and social interaction. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing real evidence from a national educational context and offers practical recommendations for improving teaching practices. The findings are particularly relevant for educators, policymakers, and researchers seeking to enhance student performance in primary education.
Glory Ann M. Caminse, Ligaya C. Manolong, Ronald D. Manolong
This quantitative-descriptive study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Monkayo College of Arts, Sciences and Technology (MonCAST) as a higher education institution in delivering quality education and fostering continuous improvement. Anchored on Talcott Parsons’ Goal Attainment Theory (1960), the study examined how clearly defined institutional goals translate into concrete outcomes for faculty and students. Specifically, it assessed MonCAST’s effectiveness in terms of clear school mission, high expectations for success, instructional leadership, opportunity to learn and time on task, safe and orderly environment, positive home-school relations, and frequent monitoring of student progress. A survey was conducted among 69 faculty members selected through stratified random sampling to ensure fair representation. Results revealed that MonCAST achieved a "Very High" effectiveness level in most areas, particularly in its clear mission, strong instructional leadership, and high academic expectations. Opportunities for learning, student safety, and monitoring of progress were also highly rated, supporting a strong academic and supportive school culture. However, home-school relations received a "High" rating, suggesting the need for further strengthening of parental engagement and community connections. The study concludes that MonCAST demonstrates a solid foundation for excellence but should continue enhancing stakeholder partnerships and support systems. It recommends continuous curriculum improvement, faculty development, active student participation, and expanded community involvement to sustain progress. Future researchers are encouraged to explore additional effectiveness dimensions, such as graduate outcomes and student satisfaction, to further guide institutional development.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Quizizz” is an online game that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to enjoy interactive learning and have fun. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 61 Diploma students towards the effectiveness of Quizizz in increasing students’ active participation and enhancing learning experience in Economics subject. The Diploma students in two classes that have taken Economics class and undergone Quizizz in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Quizizz can increase students’ active participation by 17 percent and enhancing students learning experience by Economics performance by 47.5 percent in Economics subject. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Quizizz as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Gamification in education is important as it provides a new pathway for learners to be more engaged in their learning journey. “Quizizz” is an online game that is used by educators for academic purpose and enables the students to enjoy interactive learning and have fun. The study in this paper is a quantitative study undertaken to examine the perception of 61 Diploma students towards the effectiveness of Quizizz in increasing Economics performance, enhancing class participation and enriching learning experience. The Diploma students in two classes that have taken Economics class and undergone Quizizz in a university in Kuching, Sarawak are chosen as respondents. Questionnaire in Google Form is then given to the respondents to answer. The data is analysed using descriptive (frequency and percentage) analysis in Excel and SPSS 29.0 software. The results show that Quizizz can increase passing rates of students by 26 percent and increase of 15 percent for students that score A in Economics. It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Quizizz as their formative assessments to improve universities’ students’ performance.
Ahmad Fadzil Jobli, Wen Chiat Lee
Students of the twenty-first century requires digital tool and prefer game-based learning and teaching environment to enhance their understanding. Board game is one of the game-based learning method that can create a scenario-based environment, where students interact to apply previous knowledge and practical skills to real-world problems. However, there remains a gap in the literature on the application of simulation and board game such as the use of board game in Economics subject in university. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of application of board game use to enhance students understanding in Monetary Theory and Policy Subject, an Economics subject. Feedback of thirty university students in Malaysia public university that take this monetary theory and policy subject was obtained. This paper finds out that the use of a board game as a game-based learning tool can increase university’s students understanding of monetary theory and policy It is hoped that the findings could provide some insights to educators in employing Board game as formative assessments to enhance universities understanding on Monetary Theory and Policy Economics subject.
James Darel Jay P. Lucerna, Orlan D. Tabuada Jr.
Organizational Learning is a process of continuously improving how an organization works by sharing knowledge, learning from experience, and adapting to change. The purpose of this study is to explore how the use of technology and continuous learning practices influence the efficiency, accuracy, and security of managing public records. The research aimed to determine how technology adoption and organizational learning contribute to the effective use of the Electronic Records Management System (ERMS) among public registrars in the Municipality of Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. A quantitative-descriptive design was applied, and data were collected through a structured and modified survey questionnaire. The respondents were employees from different municipal departments who directly handle records and use the ERMS in their daily tasks. The gathered data were analyzed using statistical tools to examine the connection between technology adoption, organizational learning, and system performance. Findings revealed that embracing technology significantly improves the accuracy, accessibility, and protection of electronic records, while organizational learning helps employees adapt and use the system more effectively. Results also indicated that continuous training and knowledge sharing are vital in sustaining effective ERMS practices and improving overall record management. The study concludes that investing in both employee development and technological resources is essential to achieve efficient and transparent public record management. These insights can help local government offices craft policies that support digital transformation and promote professional growth to enhance governance and service delivery.
Athieno. Petrolina. O. Mukasa, Habumuremyi Felex, Wandera Gerald Obbo
The study investigated the correlation between resource allocation and operational management within Operation Wealth Creation (OWC) in Nyakabingo Parish, Kisoro District, Uganda. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 93 participants via questionnaires, interviews, and direct observation, so ensuring the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative insights. Findings indicated that resource use, inclusion, monitoring, and adaptability were seen favorably, however transparency, equity, and attention to vulnerable groups were identified as deficiencies. Operational management results demonstrated strengths in resource efficiency and training; however, they were compromised by delays, ineffective communication, and insufficient monitoring. Correlation analysis revealed a robust positive correlation (r = 0.825, p < 0.000) between resource allocation and operational management. Regression findings indicated that allocation, coordination, and planning accounted for 33.2% of the variance in operational performance, highlighting the impact of supplementary factors such as leadership and governance. The study shows that efficient resource allocation markedly improves operational management; nonetheless, sustainable impact necessitates openness, equity, and accountability. The study recommends an enhancement of monitoring mechanisms, the improvement of stakeholder participation, and the prioritization of vulnerable populations to maximize OWCs impact on rural socio-economic development.
Mohamed Nazhif Ramlan, Nor Azima Ahmad, Nursaadatun Nisak Ahmad, Umi Nazira Rafie
In Malaysia's rapidly evolving Information Technology (IT) service provider industry, marked by increasing digital transformation demands and a scarcity of skilled software developers, this conceptual study explores the relationship between job demands, job resources, and employee performance among software developers. Drawing on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model, this paper examines six predictors, workload, role ambiguity, work-life balance, organisational support, supervisory support, and job security, and their differential effects on task, adaptive, and contextual performance. The paper proposes a moderating role of employee resilience on the job security and performance relationship. Theoretically, this study enriches understanding by specifying which performance dimensions are most affected by each predictor. Practically, this conceptual paper aims to provide organisations with insights to enhance software developer performance. A methodological framework for empirical testing, including remedies for common method variance and a mixed-methods pilot study will be used in this study.
Nansereko Racheal Kabuye
The study examined the role of entrepreneurship intentions in the growth of micro and small restaurants in the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) markets in Uganda. Micro and small enterprises (MSEs) contribute significantly to the economic development of developing countries like Uganda, but their growth is hampered by a lack of managerial skills, a lack of resources, and a lack of competitiveness, finances and above all entrepreneurship intentions. Through the theory of planned behavior and Resource based theory the study examined how subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and employee behaviors and other resources affect the goals and growth of the restaurants in various markets of Kampala Capital City Authority. The study considered a population of 1,805 drawn from the markets in the five divisions of Kampala that is Central, Nakawa, Makindye, Rubaga and Kawempe division and a who were women involved in micro and small restaurants and a sample size of 302 respondents determined from each division using Saunders et al formula. The study employed a mixed-method approach which included both quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Results showed that entrepreneurship intentions have a considerable impact on restaurant growth with a correlation coefficient of 0.671 and a simple linear regression result of results of R2 of .450 or 45%. This meant that the model of entrepreneurship intentions explained 45% of the growth of restaurants in the KCCA markets. The important elements of entrepreneurial intentions that propelled growth were preparedness, strategic planning, experience, and vision. The findings underscore the need for supportive policies and interventions to enhance entrepreneurial landscape in the markets of KCCA in Uganda.
Yassir Elhaj
Automatic age estimation and gender classification from facial images represent two of the most intensively studied problems in computer vision, with wide-ranging applications in human-computer interaction, biometric surveillance, targeted marketing, healthcare monitoring, and forensic analysis. Despite remarkable advances in convolutional neural network architectures over the past decade, the black-box nature of deep learning models continues to pose significant challenges in terms of interpretability, trustworthiness, and accountability, particularly in sensitive deployment contexts. This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of three state-of-the-art deep learning architectures—VGG16, ResNet50, and EfficientNet-B3—for simultaneous age and gender prediction from facial images, with a strong emphasis on model explainability. Our framework employs the UTKFace dataset, comprising over 20,000 face images spanning ages from 1 to 116 across multiple ethnicities. We describe a rigorous preprocessing pipeline incorporating Multitask Cascaded Convolutional Networks (MTCNN) for face detection and alignment, followed by standardized normalization and extensive data augmentation strategies. Both Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping (Grad-CAM) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) are integrated into the evaluation workflow to provide visual and quantitative insight into the regions and features that drive model decisions. Experimental results demonstrate that EfficientNet-B3 achieves superior performance with a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 4.37 years for age estimation and a gender classification accuracy of 96.8%, while maintaining a significantly reduced computational footprint compared to the other architectures under evaluation. ResNet50 offers a strong middle ground between accuracy and training efficiency, whereas VGG16, though interpretable, lags behind in both performance and computational cost. Our explainability analysis reveals that all three models predominantly attend to periocular regions, nasolabial folds, and frontal skull geometry for age estimation, while gender classification relies more heavily on jaw contour, brow ridge prominence, and lip morphology. These findings underscore the importance of integrating explainability tools into the facial analysis pipeline and provide practical guidance for practitioners deploying deep learning systems in real-world, ethically sensitive environments.
Alexander F. Suan, Jessa Ragrag Tiongson
Reading proficiency in the early grades is a critical foundation for academic achievement, yet many young learners continue to struggle with decoding and comprehension. This descriptive-correlational study examined the influence of home literacy environment, educational media exposure, and teaching quality on the reading skills of Grade 2 struggling readers in selected public elementary schools in Gingoog City. Grounded in the Ecological Systems Perspective, the study explored how these contextual and instructional factors shape pupils' phonics and comprehension abilities. Participants included 296 Grade 2 struggling readers, their parents, and their respective teachers. Data were collected using validated questionnaires and a researcher-developed reading assessment tool. Multiple regression analysis was employed to determine predictive relationships among variables. Results indicate that home literacy environment, educational media exposure, and teaching quality were all rated high; however, only teaching quality demonstrated a statistically significant effect on reading skills. The overall regression model was not significant, suggesting that additional variables beyond those examined likely account for pupils' reading difficulties. Future research should explore longitudinal designs and broader ecological factors to deepen understanding of early literacy development among struggling readers.
Che Mohd Syaharuddin Che Cob, Mariam Setapa, Mazlina Mamat, Noorita Mohammad, Wan Asma Hanim Wan Mustapha, Yuslina Yusoff
This study investigates the integration of gamification and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) within an undergraduate Operations Management course. A structured, gamified, case-based activity known as the Ops Challenge – Kelantan Snack Factory Expansion was designed to engage students in applying plant layout and project scheduling techniques while incorporating sustainability considerations. The intervention was implemented over multiple phases, including theoretical grounding, gamified task execution, and a final competitive showcase. Adopting a qualitative research design, data were collected from approximately 300 students through individual reflections and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that students developed meaningful awareness of environmental, economic, and social sustainability, particularly in relation to resource efficiency, cost optimization, and workplace safety. In addition, students demonstrated emerging systems thinking by recognizing the interdependence of operational decisions. The results further indicate that gamification significantly enhanced student engagement, motivation, and collaborative learning experiences. Team-based activities encouraged knowledge sharing and problem-solving, reinforcing both conceptual understanding and practical application of Operations Management tools. This study contributes to the growing body of literature on experiential and sustainability-oriented pedagogy by proposing the Gamified Sustainable Operations Learning (GSOL) Model. The model offers a structured and replicable framework for embedding sustainability into technical subjects, thereby supporting the development of future-ready graduates equipped with both analytical and sustainability competencies.
Anthony Inah Iwara, Ogunlade Titilope Ayobami, Ukpere Victor Nichols
This study examines the issue of remote working and its impact on the performance of staff in the COVID-19 pandemic and the selected non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study takes the form of a descriptive survey with a structured questionnaire to 50 employees that had had a remote work experience. Simple percentages and mean scores were used to analyze data. The results showed that remote work had significant advantages, such as lower transportation expenses, closer contact with family, better flexibility, and perceived job performance improvement. Nevertheless, the work also singles out such challenges as higher operational expenses incurred by employees (e. internet and electricity), less interaction among staff members and greater risk of information security. The findings also reveal that employees mostly used communication platforms including email, phone calls, and WhatsApp to keep the work flowing during the remote operations. Although the results are both positive and negative, the study concludes that remote work has the potential of positively impacting employee performance provided there are proper infrastructure, organizational policies and incentives in place. It highlights the importance of employers to offer financial and technological assistance to reduce the risks of remote working, especially in developing economies with infrastructural constraints. The research is an addition to the expanding literature on flexible work arrangement by emphasizing the contextual realities that determine the efficacy of remote work in Nigeria.
Achataseh Godwill, Elijah Mokoh Anu
School violence has emerged as a critical challenge affecting educational development and learner well-being globally, with increasing concern in sub-Saharan Africa. Cameroon has recorded increase incidents of school violence. Despite this surge, there are no empirical studies examining their underlying causes particularly from students’ perspective and response approaches remain administrative. This study explores the root causes of school violence in with focus on secondary schools in Cameroon using a qualitative grounded theory approach. To achieve this, the study researcher engaged 17 focus group discussions involving335 students drawn from six secondary schools, including government, mission, and lay private institutions in the North West Region. Open-ended questionnaires were used to provide the participants with the opportunity to freely share their perspectives on the subject. The data collected through the focus group discussions was analysed using standard guidelines for grounded theory studies employing open, axial, and selective coding procedures. Findings from the study reveal that school violence is provoked by a complex interaction of economic, personal, psychosocial, and school-related factors. Psychosocial factors particularly jealousy, anger, peer influence, and strained relationships emerged as the most dominant contributors. Based on these findings, this study concludes that school violence is largely relational and emotionally driven, underscoring the need for a more holistic and preventive responses rather than just administrative actions. The study recommends that address violence, policymakers, school administrators, and curriculum developers should proactively adopt a more holistic approach composing of psychosocial support, value-based education, and systematic monitoring mechanisms which are missing in most cases.
Rey M. Arturo, Rosabeth M. Arturo
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents significant emotional, social, and economic challenges for families worldwide. Globally, the prevalence of ASD has increased over the past decades, posing growing challenges for families and healthcare systems. Mothers, who often serve as the primary caregivers of children with ASD, experience substantial emotional, financial, and caregiving burdens. This study explored the lived experiences of mothers raising children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the island province in the Philippines. Using a qualitative descriptive phenomenological design, in-depth interviews were conducted with three purposively selected mothers who have children aged 5–15 years diagnosed with ASD. Data were analyzed using Creswell’s six-step qualitative data analysis procedure. Four major themes emerged from the narratives: (1) treating own child differently, (2) fearing for them, (3) problematizing therapy, and (4) caring challenges. Findings revealed that mothers experienced emotional distress, social stigma, financial strain, and difficulties accessing therapy services due to geographic isolation and limited availability of specialists. Despite these barriers, participants demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and strong parental commitment in supporting their children’s development. The study highlights the need for accessible therapy services, inclusive education programs, and government-supported interventions for families raising children with ASD in geographically isolated communities. Thus, mothers of ASD children should have extra treatment, fear, problems, and care for their ASD children. This study recommends a quantitative research to support the qualitative findings that will serve as the foundation for developing comprehensive intervention programs for these mothers of children with ASD.
Clarence Hernandez, Edmund David Tamayo, Joseph Carlos Crisostomo, Monaliza Jimenez, Ramjohn Levy De Mesa
This study focuses on what shapes programming growth among third-year Computer Engineering learners at Bulacan State University. Psychological traits, classroom structure, personal study routines, alongside AI tool usage and shape skill acquisition patterns observed in these individuals. A numeric method guides this study. The surveys reach 60 selected participants via purposeful selection techniques. Information flows from responses marked on a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire, later analysed using weighted mean, standard deviation, and Pearson correlation. Results show those who believe more strongly in themselves tend to perform better in coding coursework. Despite a positive view of classroom support, learners show hesitation during difficult tasks. When mistakes occur in programming work, discomfort tends to follow. Because understanding code becomes harder, some turn to artificial intelligence systems too frequently. As time passes, personal analytical growth slows under such dependency. Without frequent engagement beyond scheduled lessons, ability to locate faults weakens. Skill advancement depends strongly on individual initiative paired with repeated exercise. Progress requires sustained effort done without guidance from instructors. The study concludes that consistent, self-directed study habits and hands-on practice are critical for skill development. Recommendations include increasing out-of-class coding practice, conducting live skill assessments for future research, and expanding study samples to include other IT-related fields.
Jason D. Magalona, Pearl Angela Chinel, Ryan L. Gesoyot
This study examined the factors associated with bullying and the level of exposure to bullying among secondary learners, aiming to identify personal, school, and community factors, describe the level of exposure as victims and bullies, and explore the relationship between these factors and exposure levels. Utilizing a descriptive and correlational research design, the study found that self-esteem was strongly related to student involvement in bullying, while leadership tendencies had a moderate connection. Teacher-student interactions were moderately linked to bullying incidents, and a safe, inclusive school environment was strongly associated with bullying prevention. Verbal bullying, characterized by name-calling and teasing, was the most prevalent form and often led to other aggressive behaviors. The study revealed that while personal and school-related factors showed no significant relationship with bullying exposure, community factors significantly influenced both victims' and bullies' exposure levels. The findings emphasize the importance of self-esteem development, positive teacher-student interactions, and a supportive school community in reducing bullying. It recommends implementing programs to boost self-esteem and leadership skills, enhancing teacher training to handle bullying, and involving the community in prevention efforts to foster a safer, more inclusive environment. These comprehensive interventions are vital for addressing bullying effectively and promoting a culture of respect and empathy both within schools and the broader community.
Dr (Mrs) Ogbuokiri N.P, Nwankwo George Eberechukw
This study investigated family background and social media usage as correlates of academic performance in Physics among secondary school students in Abia State. The study was guided by two research questions and two hypotheses which were tested at 0.05 level of significance. It adopted a correlational research design. The study population comprised 8,739 students in Senior Secondary II (SS II) in 263 public schools in Abia State, from which 874 students (10%) were selected as a working sample using a multi-stage sampling technique. A researcher developed questionnaire titled Family Background and Social Media Usage Questionnaire (FBSMUQ) was used for the study alongside students’ cumulative Physics results for the 2023/2024 academic session obtained from school records. The instrument was validated by three experts, one from Psychology, one from Guidance and Counselling and one from Measurement and Evaluation in Abia State University, Uturu, and yielded a reliability coefficient above 0.70. Data were analysed using multiple regression to answer the research questions, while the t-test associated with regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that family background especially parental education and social media usage significantly predicted students’ academic performance in Physics, with excessive social media usage predicting performance negatively. The study recommended among others increased parental involvement in students’ academic activities and responsible use of social media to enhance students’ academic performance in Physics.
Dr Ogbodo Hyacinth Igwesi, Dr Vitus Chinedu Ogbunuju, Dr. Nwankwo Pilip Abuchi, Ebigwu Kerry Ijeoma, Tawo Francis Abang Ph.D
The study focused on family demography and purchase decision on Speciality goods in Enugu State, Nigeria. The study specifically sought to determine the extent family demographic variables such as family education status, family perceived income level, and family size influences purchasing decision making for specaility goods in Enugu urban, Enugu state, Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. A population size of 1,268,831, out of which a sample size of 400 was gotten using Taro Yamen’s formula at 5% error tolerance and 95% level of confidence. Instrument used for data collection was structural questionnaire. Out of 400 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed, 354 copies were returned while 46 were not returned. The hypotheses were tested using Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and simple linear regression statistical tools. The findings indicate that Education status has a significant influence on family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria. There was a positive relationship between Family size and family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria. Perceived income has a significant influence family purchasing decision making for specialty goods in Enugu State Nigeria.. The implications of study revealed that education status perceived income , and family size has a significant effect on family purchase decision. The study concluded that a family is the key element that affects the consumption and disposal of the products. It is vital for a seller to identify the issues related to family structure, buying patterns, buying roles and motives of the family members. The study recommended that families should send their families members to school so as to help them to be well placed in life, as well as making them to purchase product of their choose.
Dr. Aprell L. Abellana, Helene T. Vegafria
The study aimed to examine the levels of financial literacy, school culture, and attrition among public school teachers in the Pangantucan North and South Districts of the Division of Bukidnon, Philippines during the school year 2024-2025. It also investigated the relationship between school culture and financial literacy to attrition. Lastly, it identified the variables that best predict the attrition of teachers, whether singly or in combination. Descriptive-correlational research design was utilized and employed survey methods utilizing Likert scale. Results revealed that the public school teachers have moderate financial literacy as indicated by the overall mean result. On the other hand, they demonstrated an observed school culture in all sub-variables and as shown in the overall mean consisting of collaborative leadership, teacher collaboration, professional development, and collegial support. Furthermore, the respondents showed a moderate attrition in the overall mean. The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the attrition of public school teachers and financial literacy specifically in the knowledge of budgeting. Regression results indicated that knowledge of budgeting also is the single predictor of teachers’ attrition. The findings suggest that enhancing public school teachers' financial literacy, particularly in budgeting, is important in reducing attrition rates and fostering a more supportive school environment. However, workplace condition, burn-out, toxicity, online jobs availability and other factors may play a big role in teachers’ attrition that need to be examined.
Sydney Clever Keremah
This paper aims to explore how the adoption of fintech and the financing of startups affect small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria between 2009 and 2024. The analysis is done using Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS), which examine the long-run association between digital financial services and SME credit access. The results indicate that the impact of mobile payments (MPAY) on SME financing is strong and positive, which indicates that the use of digital payment systems enhances the management of money among SMEs and facilitate their financial operations in general. Conversely, web transfers (WAP) are negatively related to SME credit, suggesting that the use of digital transactions can lower the use of traditional borrowing. The impact of inflation (INF) on SME financing is also negative, that is, an increase in prices leads to the increased difficulty in getting credit by SMEs. Interest rates (INT), on the other hand, are not significantly affected in the long-run in the model. The FMOLS findings are generally consistent with these results but with weaker effects with mobile payments, indicating that even though FinTech is positively associated with financial efficiency, its direct influence on formal credit access is not quite significant when other statistical controls are taken into consideration. In general, it can be concluded that FinTech in Nigeria is transforming the way SMEs manage their finances more than it is widening their access to formal credit. It underscores the necessity to simplify fintech platforms and make them more accessible. Additionally, there should be greater regulatory support by governments and other concerned bodies to instill confidence in digital financial services.
Aisha Majeed Al Balushi, Jokha Nasser Al Kindi, Karima Sayari
The emergence of financial technology (FinTech) has significantly transformed the financial sector, reshaping traditional banking operations and risk management practices. The objective of the study is to investigate the impact of Fintech adoption on the operational efficiency and non-performing loan (NPL) percentages of the Omani banking industry. Drawing on secondary data from annual reports from 2015 to 2024, the study aims to provide insights on the role of FinTech in enhancing credit risk management in the banking sector. The study’s regression results indicate a negative, but statistically insignificant, relationship between Fintech adoption and NPLs, with transactional income showing a weak effect on both gross and net NPLs. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power for gross NPLs (R² = 0.9766, p = 0.0023), while the net NPL model shows lower statistical significance (R² = 0.8217, p = 0.1152). These findings suggest that although FinTech contributes to operational efficiency and credit risk assessment, its direct impact on reducing NPLs remains limited in the Omani context. The research contributes to the literature on the fintech revolution in the banking sector by providing policymakers and other stakeholders with useful insights to strengthen operational performance and risk management frameworks in the Omani banking sector.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Sheena Mae D. Padrones
This study analyses the lived experiences of novice teachers in entrepreneurial cooperative schools in the Philippines. These schools offer a value-oriented alternative to private schools, especially given that so many teachers are burning out. The research was conducted at one cooperative school in the Quezon IV district of Bukidnon. It addresses a critical gap: these schools offer promising teamwork and fortitude but lack sufficient information about why novice teachers choose them, what problems they face, what they gain, and what advice they offer in resource-minimal settings. The aim was to determine why they chose these jobs, what challenges they faced, what benefits they gained, and what advice they would give others. We intentionally selected 15 novice teachers with less than 2 years of on-the-job experience. We conducted open-ended interviews and analyzed excerpts to identify four main themes. They appreciated team support, shared plans, and encouragement/guidance from experienced teachers to get started. But real issues arise: insufficient supplies or technology, extensive responsibilities, pressure to bring in more students through local outreach, and administrative stagnation. Despite all of these, they emerged more resilient, navigating adversity, taking charge of small projects, and developing intrapreneurial leadership to foster institutional sustainability. Their advice was practical to stay flexible, utilize team capacity, and integrate abstract principles with practical applications. The results show that these schools have significant potential but are underdeveloped. The study calls for better training programs, equitable resource distribution and manageable workloads to retain teachers.
Abdulkarim Hussaini
This study examines the impact of fiscal policy instruments on economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1980–2024. The research focuses on government capital expenditure (GCE) and value added tax (VAT) as key fiscal tools influencing real gross domestic product (RGDP), which serves as a proxy for economic growth. Anchored on the Keynesian fiscal policy framework, the study adopts an ex-post facto research design and utilizes annual time series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. To capture both short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was employed. Prior to estimation, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) tests were conducted to determine stationarity, while the Johansen cointegration test confirmed the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The results indicate that all variables are integrated of order one, I(1), and are cointegrated. Empirical findings reveal that, in the short run, government capital expenditure and value added tax exert negative and statistically insignificant effects on economic growth. However, the error correction term is negative and statistically significant, indicating a gradual adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. In the long run, government capital expenditure exhibits a positive but weak influence on economic growth, while VAT remains insignificant. The study concludes that fiscal policy instruments have limited short-run effectiveness but remain important for long-run growth. It recommends improved efficiency in public expenditure, strengthened tax administration, and diversification of revenue sources to enhance sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
Antonio Ampongan Alteza
This study examines the awareness and perspectives of fisherfolks in Calabanga, Camarines Sur, Philippines, regarding coastal resources and their management. Using a mixed-methods approach—surveys, interviews, and focus groups—data were collected from 150 fisherfolks across three barangays: Bonot, Cagsao, and Sibobo. The research assessed fisherfolks’ knowledge of sustainable fishing practices, their awareness of coastal ecosystems, the challenges they encounter, and their perceptions of coastal resource management (CRM) initiatives. Findings reveal that while fisherfolks demonstrate reasonable awareness of marine life and fishing grounds, they lack sufficient understanding of coral reefs and their ecological functions. Although 98% reported avoiding protected areas, overfishing (49%) and declining fish stocks (43%) remain pressing concerns. Participation in CRM programs is high (85%), yet perceptions of effectiveness are mixed: 39% view them as effective, 32% as somewhat effective, and 23% as ineffective. This discrepancy between participation and perceived outcomes suggests a gap between program implementation and tangible benefits, potentially perpetuating unsustainable practices. The study highlights critical gaps in educational efforts, particularly concerning coral reef conservation, which may undermine long-term sustainability goals. Recommendations include strengthening community involvement in coastal management, enhancing fisheries policy and enforcement, and promoting alternative livelihoods. Targeted training, stricter gear regulations, and awareness campaigns addressing coral reefs and climate change are emphasized. Ultimately, the sustainability of coastal resources and fisherfolk livelihoods in Calabanga depends on management strategies that align with the needs and concerns of the fishing community.
Ahmad Nur Azam Ahmad Ridzuan, Siti Khairunisa Sheikh Abdul Mutalib
Flooding in Malaysia presents a growing financial challenge, with a substantial proportion of losses remaining uninsured and largely dependent on post-disaster government assistance. This study aims to assess the flood risk profile and quantify the financing gap across regional rainfall archetypes using a probabilistic modeling approach. A Monte Carlo simulation with 10,000 iterations was employed to generate potential annual flood loss scenarios, incorporating projected urbanization growth and stochastic variability. Key risk metrics, namely Expected Annual Loss (EAL) and Probable Maximum Loss (PML) at the 99.5th percentile, were estimated to evaluate financial exposure. The results indicate significant variation in loss distributions across six regional groups, reflecting differences in rainfall intensity, exposure levels, and elasticity characteristics. At the national level, the EAL is estimated at RM2.63 billion, while the PML reaches RM8.07 billion, resulting in a financing gap of RM5.43 billion. The findings further reveal a right-skewed loss distribution with substantial tail risk concentrated in high-exposure regions. Additionally, diversification effects reduce overall national risk compared to aggregated regional extremes. The study highlights the limitations of deterministic approaches and demonstrates the importance of probabilistic modeling in disaster risk financing. It also emphasizes the need for risk-based premium structures, strengthened reinsurance arrangements, and integrated public–private financing mechanisms to enhance national financial resilience against flood events.
Kadonsi Kaziya, Saima N. Nakala, Sinyama Martone
Private Christian universities in Zambia widen access and offer mission-driven higher education, yet many remain financially fragile because operating income is concentrated in a narrow set of sources, especially tuition and limited sponsor or church support. Anchored in Resource Dependence Theory, this study develops a Zambia-specific resilience model by first diagnosing dependence and vulnerability profiles and then translating the evidence into practical levers for funding stability. A multiple-case design was applied across six private Christian university cases using documentary analysis of institutional financial and enrolment records for 2023–2024, complemented by 28 semi-structured interviews with senior management, finance, admissions, governance, and sponsor stakeholders. Dependence was quantified using revenue composition and concentration metrics, including top-two revenue share and the Hirschman–Herfindahl Index, while vulnerability was assessed through operating margin, cost-to-income ratio, liquidity, tuition arrears, and enrolment sensitivity. The results show a consistently tuition-centred funding structure, with tuition shares ranging from 62 to 88 percent, accompanied by high revenue concentration (top-two share 0.84–0.96; HHI 0.49–0.78). Financial vulnerability is most acute where concentration co-occurs with weak liquidity, thin or negative operating margins, high tuition arrears, and enrolment decline, indicating that cash conversion failures are a principal pathway through which dependence becomes operational instability. The article contributes an evidence-based resilient funding model that integrates portfolio diversification, cash conversion and liquidity discipline, strategic enrolment positioning, governance and stewardship credibility, and cost productivity reforms, supported by a monitoring dashboard of concentration, liquidity, margin, arrears, and retention indicators. The model provides actionable guidance for institutional leaders and councils and highlights policy implications for student financing and the cost structure of compliance in private faith-based higher education.
Anam Fatima, Prof. Vani Narula
As India faces dual challenges of climate risks and agricultural sustainability, Voluntary Carbon Markets (VCMs) become crucial for engaging farmers in climate solutions. However, the carbon economy raises serious concerns over equity, autonomy, and farmers’ roles in this nascent market. This paper investigates their roles by analyzing current carbon farming projects in India. The findings reveal the market’s dichotomy, with small footprints alongside mega-projects with revolutionary targets. The research identified two farmer-led pathways: high-intensity land use transformation and low-intensity soil health management. The study concludes that agricultural carbon markets should be climate-resilient and equitable, with policy reframed to integrate carbon revenue with co-benefits, advancing rural empowerment.
Rhea Joy S. Alcano
Indigenous learners often encounter significant stress as they transition into unfamiliar urban-based school environments, where differences in culture, language, and academic expectations create multiple challenges. This study aimed to explore the perceived stress, cultural adaptations, and personal growth of Indigenous Peoples (IP) learners who migrated from rural to urban schools, using a qualitative descriptive research design to capture their lived experiences in depth. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with twelve purposively selected participants, ensuring that the information gathered was both relevant and meaningful. Through thematic analysis, the findings revealed that IP learners experienced various forms of stress, including financial constraints, academic adjustments, social pressures, and emotional struggles while studying in urban-based schools. Despite these challenges, the learners demonstrated resilience by employing adaptive strategies such as building peer connections and engaging in self-regulated learning to manage their academic and social demands. These adaptation strategies played a crucial role in helping them navigate their new environment more effectively. Over time, such coping mechanisms contributed to meaningful personal growth, particularly in the development of academic confidence, strengthened resilience, and a greater sense of autonomy in their learning. Based on these findings, the study proposes the use of mediation analysis to examine cultural adaptation as a mediating factor between stress and personal growth. Additionally, exploratory factor analysis is recommended to develop and validate survey instruments grounded in the identified themes, thereby supporting future research and educational interventions designed to enhance the academic experiences and overall well-being of Indigenous learners.
Bakary S. Sonko
Yahya Jammeh's twenty-two-year authoritarian rule in The Gambia came to an end in 2016 with a political transition that was hailed as a new era of accountability and the rule of law. The Janneh Commission of Inquiry (2017–2019), which documented widespread state capture, embezzlement, and illicit asset accumulation and recommended thorough forfeiture and recovery, was essential to this promise. Most of these suggestions were accepted in the government's 2019 White Paper. However, the question of what truly happened to the forfeited assets is still unsettlingly unclear almost ten years after Jammeh's departure. This paper offers the first thorough empirical analysis of the post-Commission asset recovery process, drawing from the 2019 White Paper and the 324-page Final Report of a Special Select Committee of The Gambia's National Assembly (March 2026). It contends that a deep-rooted administrative pathology that persisted through the political shift and methodically undermined each step of the forfeiture and disposal process was the primary cause of the failure of asset recovery rather than a failure of the law. The evidence shows that the promise of accountability has been largely unfulfilled due to an implementation gap caused by a number of factors, including disjointed custodial arrangements, flawed valuation and sales procedures, systematic violations of public finance law, catastrophic record-keeping failures, and lax parliamentary oversight. In order to explain how institutional culture, not just legal frameworks, can sustain impunity and mismanagement even after political transition, the paper develops the concept of "administrative pathology" and provides practical suggestions for bolstering asset recovery mechanisms in fragile democracies.
Bernard Munyao Muiya, Elizabeth Karitu
Inter-clan conflict remains a persistent challenge in many parts of Kenya, yet existing studies often examine its drivers in isolation. This study investigates the interaction between structural conditions and political triggers in shaping inter-clan conflict between the Ndamata and Mururi clans in Embu County, Kenya. Drawing on Resource Scarcity Theory and Conflict Transformation Theory, the study adopts a mixed-methods approach combining survey data (N = 292) and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders. The findings reveal that resource scarcity and historical land grievances constitute the underlying structural conditions of conflict, while political competition—particularly during elections—acts as a critical trigger that activates these tensions. Descriptive results indicate that elections are perceived as the most significant driver of conflict, followed by competition over resources and land disputes. Qualitative evidence further demonstrates how political actors mobilize communities and intensify perceptions of exclusion during electoral periods. Importantly, the study finds no statistically significant differences between the Ndamata and Mururi clans in their perceptions of conflict triggers, suggesting that inter-clan conflict is shaped by shared structural conditions rather than divergent group-specific grievances. Contextual factors such as youth unemployment and social media are found to function as enabling conditions that amplify, rather than independently generate, conflict dynamics. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that inter-clan conflict is best understood as the product of interacting structural inequalities and situational triggers. It underscores the need for integrated policy responses that address both the underlying causes of conflict and the political processes that activate them.
Dr. James L. Paglinawan, Iry Shy Larren A. Tangcawan
This study explored the narratives of non-education JLSS graduates under the DOST-SEI who rendered their mandatory teaching return of service in secondary schools in Bukidnon Province. Using a qualitative descriptive design with reflexive thematic analysis, the study examined their experiences, successes and accomplishments, struggles and challenges, coping strategies, and recommendations in relation to their teaching responsibilities. Fifteen (15) participants were purposively selected based on their eligibility as non-education JLSS graduates currently or previously assigned as secondary school teachers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and written responses, and were analyzed following Braun and Clarke’s (2019) reflexive thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns across participants’ narratives. Findings revealed five major themes. First, participants initially experienced unfamiliar teaching demands and pedagogical challenges due to limited formal training but gradually adapted through experiential learning, collegial support, and institutional assistance. Second, they derived fulfillment primarily from students’ academic growth and personal development. Third, they encountered pedagogical overload and classroom management difficulties, particularly in lesson planning, instructional design, and behavioral management. Fourth, they employed adaptive coping strategies such as peer support, self-directed learning, and work-life balance to sustain teaching effectiveness. Lastly, they strongly advocated for mandatory pre-service pedagogical training, structured mentorship, and flexible program implementation to enhance teaching readiness and support systems. The study concludes that while non-education JLSS graduates initially face significant adjustment challenges, they progressively develop teaching competence through experience and support systems. However, strengthening pre-service training, mentorship, and institutional support is essential to ensure a smoother transition, improved instructional quality, and more effective implementation of the JLSS return of service program.
Sweta Bauboolall Shibchurn
Geet Gawai, a Bhojpuri folk musical tradition recognised by UNESCO as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016, is far more than a ritualistic and festive communal practice. Indeed, it serves as a vital repository of Bhojpuri-Mauritian history and identity. This study applies Richard Schechner’s (2003, 2020) and other allied scholar’s Performance Theory concepts, particularly those of “restored behaviour,” “The Efficacy – Entertainment braid”, “liminality” (Turner) and “participation,” to explore how Geet Gawai operates as a complex social “performance sequence” and “theatrical” event through which Indo-Mauritians continuously construct, contest, and affirm cultural identity. Drawing on participant observation, interviews, audiovisual documentation, and desktop research, the paper offers a succinct overview of Geet Gawai’s origin in Bhojpuri life-cycle practices, its migration and reconfiguration in Mauritius, and its contemporary presentation in domestic and public spaces. Data collected from these methods also assists in deconstructing Geet Gawai as a performative act. Findings indicate that Geet Gawai transcends the status of a mere cultural artefact and functions as a vital, sophisticated social performative engine for the Mauritian Bhojpuri community. It perpetually restores, adapts, and redefines itself through performances in a diasporic setting while asserting cultural continuity and dynamically negotiating its position within modern Mauritian multiculturalism. It functions simultaneously as a ritual practice, social pedagogy, entertainment, and cultural heritage—maintaining community cohesion even as aestheticisation introduces new layers of interpretation and spectatorship. The paper concludes that Schechner’s performance theory offers a robust framework for analysing ritualistic musical traditions akin to Geet Gawai, providing profound insights into these phenomena not as fossilised traditions but as resilient, living, and adaptive practices vital to cultural sustainability, in which the past actively shapes the present and future.
Anthony, Clement Ogbeh, Dumebi Okuagu, Ihuoma Goodness Dike, Ndorenyin Saviour Udofia, Sandra Ada Collins
Background: This systematic review critically synthesises evidence regarding gender disparities in AI-driven depression detection, emphasising algorithmic bias and its ramifications for women's health. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of six databases (PubMed, IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) found 28 studies that met the criteria and were published between 2015 and 2025 Results: The results show that there is a significant disparity in performance between men and women, with models often being less sensitive to depression in women. Bias sources include underrepresentation of female subjects in training data, reliance on male-normative symptom presentation, and feature selection that neglects psychosocial determinants of women's mental health. Conclusion: The review concludes that current AI models risk perpetuating diagnostic inequities, necessitating the development of gender-inclusive datasets and fairness-aware algorithms.
Arlene B. Laurel, Christian F. Rafol, Juliet M. Losabio, Niña Rowena C. Morera
Rice is a staple food in the Philippines, and its quality significantly affects consumer preference, market value, and grain grading standards across different regions and local agricultural markets today. However, conventional rice quality assessment commonly relies on manual inspection by trained personnel, making the process time-consuming, subjective, and often inaccessible to ordinary consumers. This study proposes Grainalyze, a mobile-based artificial intelligence-assisted system for rice grain quality assessment using instance segmentation and image-based analysis. Image-based rice quality assessment using computer vision and machine learning techniques has been widely explored in previous studies [1], [7]. A total of 3,885 source images of rice grains were prepared and expanded to 10,135 images through preprocessing and augmentation, then annotated into four grain quality classes: whole grain, broken grain, chalky grain, and discolored grain. The study evaluated Mask R-CNN alongside YOLOv8n-seg, YOLOv8s-seg, and U-Net using standard performance metrics, including Precision, Recall, F1 Score, mean Average Precision, and inference speed. Deep learning-based segmentation approaches have demonstrated strong performance in rice grain classification tasks [11], [19]. Results show that Mask R-CNN achieved the best overall segmentation performance, obtaining 89.89% mean Average Precision, 96.88% precision, 89.89% recall, and a 93.26% F1 Score, demonstrating the most reliable balance between segmentation accuracy and detection performance among the evaluated models. The findings demonstrate that integrating instance segmentation with coin-based measurement calibration, rule-based broken grain detection, Logistic regression for chalky grain identification, and LAB/HSV-based discoloration analysis can provide an effective and accessible approach for automated rice grain quality assessment using smartphone-captured images.
Emily Ayieta Ondondo, George Ochieng Abidha, Walter Ochieng’ Sande
Sentences, being the largest units of language, are useful in talking about events, actions and situations in terms of when they took place, their state of completion as well as the language user’s disposition. These three critical variables, other than being marked by different morphemes, are domiciled within the predicate which may or may not comprise both the main verb and an auxiliary. These three grammatical categories that are considered language universals, are marked differently by different languages and are also known to greatly influence the syntax and the semantics of any given type of sentences. Dholuo, a Western Nilo-Sahara language spoken in the Western part of Kenya and also in other countries in East Africa has its unique way of marking and expressing tense, aspect and modality. Since this has not been conclusively described and documented, this paper sought to describe, examine and explain the realisation of these three categories in conditional sentences in Dholuo. This study used descriptive-analytic research design and adopted Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) theory for its theoretical framework. The data upon which the findings were based on, was collected using elicitation frame administered on two native speakers and verified by the author as a native speaker of Dholuo. The data analysis adopted was both thematic and textual analysis to explain the manifestation and the ordering of the three grammatical paradigms within the predicates of the different categories of conditional sentences in Dholuo. The data showed that Dholuo has three distinct morphemes- ne, se, and de, that are used within the verb complex to mark tense, aspect and modality respectively in a manner that reflects the interplay between morphology, syntax and semantics. These findings make a contribution to the knowledge on Dholuo grammar generally and conditional sentences in Dholuo in particular.
Ime Okon Etukudo, Ndifreke S. Umo-udo, Udosen, Nsikak M
The intensification of great power competition (GPC) between the United States and China marks a systemic transformation in international politics. This article applies Power Transition Theory (PTT) and Neorealism to explain the structural drivers, strategic behaviors, and potential trajectories of Sino–American rivalry. While PTT explains the timing and danger of systemic conflict as power parity approaches, Neorealism elucidates balancing behavior, alliance formation, military modernization, and security dilemmas. The article argues that contemporary U.S.–China competition is structurally embedded, multidimensional, and likely to persist over decades. Although nuclear deterrence and economic interdependence reduce the probability of total war, flashpoints—particularly Taiwan and technological rivalry—present serious escalation risks.
Dr. Ahmed A M AlAfifi., Dr. Mohammed Jahangir Ali
The study aims examined the green finance mechanisms effect on renewable energy growth, through analyzing the mediating role of Omani smart infrastructure. The study narrowed research gap through linking the three variables together in transitional economies. Oman is considered as a unique case because of its modern legislative environment, which mentioned in the "Sustainability Finance Framework," and within "Vision 2040." The study used a descriptive analytical approach, distributing a Likert scale questionnaire to a purposive sample of 120 experts in the energy and finance sectors, with reliability and validity tests. The significant of study is considered as a benchmark model illustrating how green finance contributes to the digitalization of electricity grids to improve the efficiency of solar and wind energy. The study’s results found that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the availability of green finance tools and the development of smart infrastructure, which accelerates the achievement of net-zero carbon neutrality goals.
James L. Paglinawan, Raniel E. Arnado
This phenomenological study examines mentors' perspectives on preservice teachers' (interns') use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in instructional delivery during practicum in public schools under the DepEd Division of Bukidnon, Philippines. The study details mentors' views on AI in lesson planning, activities, and assessments. It also identifies challenges from AI reliance, including gaps in content depth, learner adaptation, and classroom dynamics. The study reviews strategies, feedback, and interventions to strengthen interns' pedagogical skills alongside AI. A qualitative design captured the lived experiences of 20 purposefully selected mentor teachers. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire via Google Forms. Thematic analysis included transcription, coding, categorization, and theme development. Mentors observed that AI-enhanced lessons were more efficient and engaging, thanks to professional materials such as visuals, quizzes, and presentations. However, they found it hard to judge interns' real abilities because polished outputs often hid weaknesses in critical thinking, personal explanation, and live delivery. Key strategies were oral explanations, contextual adaptation, manual elements, creativity, and post-lesson reflection methods meant to balance technology with human skills. Mentors advised using AI as a preparation aid, not a classroom replacement, and emphasized qualities like empathy, improvisation, and learner connection that are irreplaceable. The study recommends that teacher education institutions and DepEd collaborate on ethical AI training. It also suggests revising practicum evaluations to focus on delivery over aesthetics, requiring AI disclosure and personalization, and creating peer forums to support human-centered teaching amid digital advances.
Chua Wei Chuan, Harwati Hashim, Melor Md Yunus
Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, specifically ChatGPT, has garnered considerable interest in the field of English as a Second Language (ESL) as demand grows in recent times. The introduction of ChatGPT has transformed the assessment landscape, thus marking the beginning of a new era in AI-assisted assessment. While existing research has largely addressed the comparison of ChatGPT and human raters with regards to assessment, limited study has focused on customised GPTs and the context of Common European Framework of References for Languages (CEFR). To address this gap, this paper investigates the effectiveness of a customised GPT as a formative and summative assessment tool in a CEFR-aligned written task pitched at B2 CEFR level. Adopting a quantitative research design, the respondents’ attitudes towards using the GPT for formative assessment were examined through a questionnaire administered to 31 English teachers. In parallel, the scores assigned by the GPT and the teachers for the same writing tasks were compared via inter-rater reliability analysis. Findings revealed that the respondents hold a generally positive view regarding the effectiveness of GPT in providing formative feedback. However, the results also indicated that the GPT demonstrates a moderate level of agreement with the teacher scores in most assessment constructs. The data further emphasized the need of prompt engineering in developing the GPT to be an effective formative and summative assessment assistant for teachers. This paper concludes by discussing the practical implications of employing the customised GPT in assessment, thereby contributing to the discourse on AI-assisted assessment.
Fang Bowen, Weixing Xu
Against the backdrop of high-quality development becoming a central orientation of China’s economic governance, the development of Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs) has attracted growing scholarly attention because these firms simultaneously embody market-oriented operational attributes and public missions. From a social value perspective, this study critically reviews the literature on the high-quality development of Chinese SOEs. The review shows that the existing literature has evolved along three major lines: mixed-ownership reform and governance optimization, digital transformation and organizational capability upgrading, and the extension of evaluation boundaries through ESG performance and social value creation. Overall, the research trajectory has shifted from traditional performance evaluation toward multidimensional assessments of development quality, and from analyses centered on institutional reform to an integrated institution-capability-outcome perspective. However, important limitations remain, including blurred conceptual boundaries, the lack of a unified measurement framework, and insufficient integration of explanatory mechanisms. In particular, social value still lacks stable and replicable operational indicators. Future research should therefore strengthen conceptual integration and indicator refinement, deepen mechanism identification and heterogeneity analysis across different SOE types, and broaden both methodological approaches and comparative perspectives. This review clarifies the intellectual trajectory of the literature on the high-quality development of Chinese SOEs and provides a basis for future theoretical development and empirical inquiry.
Dr. Jaspreet Singh
In an era marked by technological disruption, global competition, and increasing customer expectations, digital transformation has emerged as a pivotal enabler of supply chain efficiency and resilience. This study, titled “Impact of Digital Transformation on Supply Chain Efficiency,” explores how the adoption of advanced digital technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Blockchain, and Big Data Analytics has reshaped the performance, transparency, and agility of supply chains. A mixed-method research design was employed, combining quantitative analysis with qualitative insights. A structured questionnaire was distributed to 100 professionals across manufacturing, logistics, retail, and e-commerce sectors in India. Out of these, 92 valid responses were received, reflecting a response rate of 92%, while 8 were discarded due to incomplete or inconsistent data. The study used SPSS for statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression tests, alongside thematic content analysis of qualitative data. The findings of the study indicate a strong positive relationship between digital maturity and supply chain efficiency (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). Regression results revealed that digital initiatives explained 61% of the variance in operational performance (R² = 0.61). AI-driven forecasting reduced demand variability by 22%, IoT-based tracking minimized stockouts by 18%, and Blockchain adoption increased transparency by 28%. However, challenges such as integration complexity, data security, and skill gaps persisted. Qualitative insights underscored that organizations with a culture of innovation and collaborative digital leadership demonstrated faster adaptation and stronger performance improvements. The study concludes that digital transformation is not merely a technological evolution but a strategic reinvention of the supply chain ecosystem. To maximize its benefits, organizations must align technological investments with human capital development and data-driven decision-making. Implications for future research include assessing long-term sustainability outcomes of digital supply chains, studying sector-specific digital maturity models, and evaluating AI’s predictive capabilities in risk management and green logistics.
Ayo-Sobowale, Mopelola Omotayo
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on employment creation of undergraduate students from South-West of Nigeria. The states were Lagos State, Ogun and Oyo States respectively. The study was carried out on 3082 final year students in 9 Federal, State and Private universities comprising of University of Lagos, Lagos State University and Caleb University (Lagos State); Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Tai Solarin University of Education and Covenant University, Otta (Ogun State); University of Ibadan, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology and Ajayi Crowther University (Oyo State). The study was mixed method in nature; data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive analysis used were frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient; the inferential statistics adopted was multiple regression model to test the hypotheses. The results from the hypotheses showed that there exists a significant relationship between entrepreneurship education (CP, TM and EIA) and employment creation of university graduates in Nigeria: F(3078) = 3455.633; ρ<0.001, R²=0.771, and ∆R²=0.771. The analysis showed that CP significantly predicted the EC of university graduates in Nigeria (ß=0.442, t(3081)=25.147,ρ<0.001); TM significantly predicted EC of university graduates’ in Nigeria (ß=0.414, t(3081)=19.223,ρ<0.001); and EIA significantly predicted the EC of university graduates’ in Nigeria (ß=0.043,t(3081)=3.732,ρ<0.001). This implied that CP, TM and EIA accounted for 77.1% of the variance in Employment Creation (EC) of university graduates in Nigeria. The study revealed that EE have a significant impact on EC of university graduates in Nigeria. The study thus recommended that EE at the universities should be the core action to be taken in respect of EC, this simply implies that there should be a direct linkage between EE and EC. Also, skills appropriate for EC should be emphasized more in the curriculum.
Hadiza Mali Bukar PhD, Haruna Shuaib Musa, Kachalla Bura Lumami
ABSTRACT When water exceeds a dry area and cannot be absorbed by the ground, flooding occurs. Flooding is a yearly occurrence that has caused millions of people to be relocated globally, as well as the loss of lives and property, this study centers on assessing the impact of flooding on the livelihood of women in Damaturu local government of Yobe State. The study will assess impact of Flooding on women livelihood. The study is anchored around Human ecology theory and gender and development theory. This study is rooted in the interpretivist philosophy adopting a qualitative approach with a phenomenology research design aimed to explore the experience of women with respect to flood on their livelihood. In-depth interview technique was used to collect the primary data for this study and thematic analysis technique was used to analyze the data for this study. The findings of the study revealed that there is loss of livelihood and economic disruption among women in Damaturu of Yobe State, the findings revealed that Food Insecurity and many women were struggling to meet basic needs as a results of the reoccurrence of flooding in Damaturu local government. Therefore, the study conclude that flooding have significantly affected the livelihood of women in Damaturu local government. Based on this, the study recommended that, there is the need for stake-holder intervention to address the livelihood challenge facing women in Yobe State.
Dr O A Afolabi, Mr Mudashiru A S
The study examined the impact of infrastructure deficiency on logistics and supply chain efficiency in Nigeria, using Eddie International Limited as a case study. The research employed a descriptive survey design and purposively sampled 300 staff members across various departments of the company due to their accessibility and relevance to the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and relevant conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature was reviewed to provide contextual support. Descriptive statistics and inferential tools such as Chi-square Pearson correlation were utilized in testing the study’s hypotheses. Findings revealed a significant relationship between transportation infrastructure and logistics/supply chain efficiency within Eddie International Limited. Additionally, power and ICT infrastructure were found to significantly influence warehousing and distribution performance. However, infrastructure-related costs were not found to significantly affect the competitiveness of logistics service providers in the organization. The study also established that general infrastructure deficiencies significantly hinder the operational performance of the logistics and supply chain sector in Nigeria. The study concluded that infrastructure development is a key determinant of logistics efficiency, operational cost reduction, and competitiveness in the Nigerian logistics industry. It was recommended that government and private stakeholders prioritize strategic investments in transportation, power, and ICT infrastructure to support the growth of logistics operations and supply chain effectiveness in Nigeria
Ginige S. R., Silva P. G. T.
Services, which play a vital role in the global and Sri Lankan economies, face many challenges in maintaining a consistent service quality compared to manufacturing firms. Even though the SERVQUAL model is widely used to measure service quality, its generalised structure has limited its applicability to specific industry contexts. This has led to the development of industry-specific service quality models such as HOLSERV. However, the role of the servicescape and its impact on perceived service quality are inadequately explored, as are the interdependencies among HOLSERV service quality dimensions. The current study is expected to address this gap by examining the direct impact of the servicescape on perceived service quality and the mediating role of intangible factors in the hotel industry in Galle, Sri Lanka. The study adopts a positivist philosophy and a deductive, quantitative approach, collecting data from 110 hotel visitors using a structured survey questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale, and analysing the data using PLS-SEM and SPSS. The findings of the study showcase that servicescape has a significant positive effect on service quality and strongly influences intangible factors, which in turn significantly affect service quality, confirming a partial mediation effect, with the model demonstrating substantial explanatory power. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by clarifying the role of servicescape in an industry-specific service quality model. Further, the mediating role of intangible factors is highlighted, suggesting that high investments in both the servicescape and employee performance are needed to enhance overall service quality
Anisha J. S., Dr. K. Kaavya
This study investigates the influence of treasury and financial management practices on the organizational performance of NLC India Limited (NLCIL), a central public sector undertaking operating in India's mining and power generation sector. Treasury operations—spanning cash flow management, liquidity control, and financial risk management—constitute critical determinants of a firm's financial health and strategic resilience. Using primary data gathered from 111 respondents through a structured questionnaire, the study employs percentage analysis, mean score analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis via IBM SPSS Statistics. Results demonstrate that robust treasury practices, particularly disciplined cash management, proactive liquidity planning, and integrated financial control mechanisms, positively influence organizational performance. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.501, p < 0.01) confirms a statistically significant moderate relationship between treasury practices and performance outcomes. On this basis, the study recommends that NLCIL invest in treasury automation, strengthen risk management protocols, and adopt advanced financial information systems to sustain operational efficiency and long-term growth.
Liana Musekiwa
Inclusive education represents a vital pathway to social justice by ensuring equitable access to quality learning for all learners, regardless of ability, background, or identity, and by dismantling systemic barriers that perpetuate exclusion. This study adopts a qualitative methods design, employing purposive sampling of educators and learners with disabilities. Data were triangulated through interviews, focus groups, and observations, with thematic analysis used to identify recurring patterns and validate findings across sources. The theoretical framing draws on Critical Pedagogy (Freire), which situates education as a practice of freedom and social transformation; Social Justice Theory (Rawls, Fraser), which emphasizes fairness, redistribution, and recognition; and highlights the expansion of learners’ opportunities and agency. Together, these frameworks illuminate how inclusive education not only promotes classroom participation but also catalyzes broader societal change by fostering dignity, solidarity, and fairness. Findings underscore the importance of teacher training and the integration of assistive technologies in creating accessible learning environments, particularly within Zimbabwean contexts where challenges such as underreporting of disability prevalence, resource constraints, and negative attitudes persist. The presentation argues that inclusive education is both a pedagogical imperative and a social justice agenda, positioning schools as engines of sustainable development and equity. By linking evidence-based strategies with advocacy, the study calls for collaborative action among policymakers, educators, and communities to humanize technical challenges, prioritize accessibility, and ensure that e/very learner matters equally. Ultimately, inclusive education is framed as a transformative pathway that advances social justice, strengthens democratic participation, and contributes to building societies rooted in fairness and respect for diversity.
Chen Chen, Mohd Nizam Nasrifan
Inclusive music education has gained increasing attention as part of broader efforts to ensure equitable access to education for students with disabilities. However, persistent tensions remain between formal access and meaningful participation in music learning contexts. This mini review adopts a structured narrative review approach to synthesise recent literature on the conceptual, pedagogical, and technological developments shaping inclusive music education. The review identifies three dominant orientations within the field: special education approaches, inclusive mainstream practices, and transformative disability-informed perspectives that challenge ableist assumptions in music pedagogy. In addition, it critically examines the role of policy frameworks, teacher preparedness, and emerging innovations such as Accessible Digital Musical Instruments and Universal Design for Learning. Findings indicate that while inclusive music education holds significant potential in fostering participation, identity formation, and social engagement, its implementation remains uneven due to systemic constraints, limited pedagogical translation, and insufficient teacher preparation. This study argues that inclusive music education should move beyond accommodation toward a reconceptualisation of musical ability, pedagogy, and participation. By synthesising fragmented perspectives into a coherent analytical framework, this review contributes to advancing a more critically informed and practice-oriented discourse in inclusive music education.
Kadonsi Kaziya, Saima N. Nakala, Sinyama Martone
This study examined the challenges associated with implementing indigenized mathematics education in Southern Province, Zambia. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, quantitative data were collected from 55 mathematics teachers through stratified random sampling and qualitative data from 15 purposively selected teachers through semi-structured interviews. The quantitative findings showed that the most strongly perceived challenge was the lack of research and documentation on Indigenous mathematical pedagogies (M = 4.25, SD = 0.87), followed by limited collaboration between mathematics educators and Indigenous communities (M = 4.09, SD = 0.95) and inadequate teacher training and professional development (M = 4.02, SD = 0.92). One-way ANOVA results indicated that educational background significantly influenced teachers’ perceptions of selected challenges, whereas teaching experience did not produce statistically significant differences. Qualitative findings deepened these patterns by revealing the dominance of Western-oriented textbooks, the absence of culturally relevant teaching materials, limited linguistic resources for expressing mathematical concepts in local languages, and the exclusion of Indigenous knowledge holders from curriculum processes. The study concludes that the barriers to indigenizing mathematics education are systemic rather than individual, rooted in weak knowledge infrastructure, insufficient professional preparation, and limited school-community collaboration. It argues that meaningful indigenization requires stronger documentation of Indigenous mathematical knowledge, more robust institutional support, and culturally grounded teacher education.
Nurul Farhana Ayob, Rohayu Roddin, Shamnor Syaza Dania Badrol Hisham, Siti ‘Afiat Jalil
Entrepreneurship within indigenous communities has gained increasing attention as a strategic approach to improving socio-economic development. This study aims to explore the factors influencing tourism entrepreneurship among the Orang Asli community and to examine how these activities can evolve towards technopreneurship. In Malaysia, the Orang Asli community possesses unique cultural assets that offer significant potential for tourism entrepreneurship; however, their participation remains limited due to challenges such as inadequate skills, limited access to technology, and restricted market opportunities. A qualitative case study approach was employed, focusing on the Mah Meri and Semai communities. Data was collected from five participants through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis, and was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal five key themes: entrepreneurial success factors, capacity development, empowerment, community-based collaboration, and technopreneurship. The results indicate that motivation, skills, family support, and institutional assistance play a crucial role in shaping entrepreneurial engagement. In addition, capacity development and women’s empowerment significantly enhance economic participation, while community collaboration strengthens resource sharing and market access. The study also highlights the emerging role of technopreneurship through the gradual adoption of digital technologies such as social media and online platforms, which contribute to increased market reach and business competitiveness. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated community-based technopreneurship development model that explains the transformation of tourism entrepreneurship towards sustainable socio-economic outcomes. This study contributes to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework that integrates social, economic, and technological dimensions of indigenous entrepreneurship and offers practical implications for policymakers and stakeholders to support sustainable tourism development.
Iro-Idoro, Charlotte Bose, Jimoh, Ibrahim Bamidele, Kehinde, Oluwatosin Abosede
This study examined influence of Green Office Practices on Information Management of Secretaries in Government parastatal in Ogun State. Green Practices has becoming a global priority in other profession and it is important to look at how this can be applicable to office and information management practices of secretaries in Government parastatals. The study aims to identify the key factors that stimulate green practices within the office environment such as energy-efficient devices, collaborative and communication tools which support secretaries reduces resource consumption, waste generation and conservation impact. The population of this study comprised of Secretaries in Government parastatals in Ogun State. Structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. However, Krejcie and Morgan method of sample determination was used for sample size determination at 0.05 margin error. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods of analysis. Findings revealed that Green Office practices is pivotal in information management of secretaries. The paper concludes that Information is a great asset to any organization and it is important that secretaries who are custodians of these information must imbibe the green office habit so as to reduce environmental impact. This will help to reduce paper usage. It was recommended that training on sustainable office practices would improve information management of secretaries
David Onyango, Enose M.W. Simatwa, Maurice A. Ndolo
Primary education is the foundation for secondary and tertiary education. Quality of education is critical to socio-economic growth and productivity of a country. Countries all over the world have invested heavily in Education. The Kenyan government through its commitment in education introduced Free Primary Education in the year 2003 to help provide quality, relevant, accessible and inclusive education for all children of school going age with an aim of improving retention rates, completion rates and pupil academic performance in schools. Despite the heavy investment, completion rates, retention rates and pupil’s academic performance in schools was still a challenge. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of capitation grant on retention rates of Pupils in Public Primary Schools in Suba West and Mbita Sub-Counties. The study was guided by the Resource Dependency Theory by Salancik (1978) which postulate that human organizations are not self-sufficient and must acquire essential resources from external bodies to achieve the set objectives. In this case, the resource is learner capitation grant; and liberal Classical theory of equal opportunity by Rousseau which postulates that the natural statesmen are born equal and personal qualities should not jeopardize social equality so long as society rewards people according to their status. The study established that government capitation grant had high influence on retention rates of pupils in the school with overall mean rating of 4.00 and accounted for 13.5% of retention rates with an adjusted R square coefficient 0.135. The study recommended that learner capitation grants should be increased to enhance retention rates further. The Findings of this study are useful to stakeholders in education for policy formulation with regards to retention rates.
Erick Kiprono Bor, Mary Mwangi, Samson Wokabi Mwangi
The Women Enterprise Fund (WEF) was established in 2007 as a programme for empowering women and reducing poverty. Studies conducted on this programme have found that while there are some women groups that have excelled after receiving funds, a good number have performed dismally. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of team factors on the performance of WEF loan groups in South Imenti Constituency. The study utilized the descriptive research design where 76 women groups that received WEF loans in 2014 were targeted. Data was collected from a sample of 12 women groups that were selected using a multistage sampling method that combined clustered, random, and purposive sampling techniques. Focus group discussions were used to collect data from group members while semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from group officials. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics through the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 and result presented using tables and figures. Qualitative data was analysed using the thematic analysis technique and results presented using illustrative quotes. Result showed that the performance of the groups was moderate with the majority having a monthly group income of Ksh 10,000-49,999. Most of the groups had also acquired assets like livestock, tents and seats but had also engaged in acquisition of non-productive assets like kitchenware. The performance of the groups was influenced by team factors like group size, group leadership, and group cohesion. Based on these findings, the study concludes that team factors influence the performance of WEF loan groups in South Imenti Constituency. The findings underscore the need for development policies that promote optimal group sizes and prioritize team-building initiatives.
Vanesa N. Bagay
This study utilized a descriptive research design to examine the impact of Information and Communications Technology (ICT)-aided instruction on the academic achievement of Grade 2 pupils. The design involved observing and describing teachers’ perceptions, proficiency, and challenges in using modern technology in teaching without influencing the variables. The respondents consisted of elementary school teachers with varied demographic profiles in terms of age, sex, civil status, teaching experience, position, and educational attainment. Findings revealed that ICT resources such as laptops, internet access, and television screens were generally available and frequently used in instruction. Teachers demonstrated a high level of proficiency in integrating technology into their teaching practices and strongly agreed that ICT enhances student motivation, engagement, and understanding of lessons. Moreover, ICT-aided instruction was found to be very effective in improving pupils’ retention and comprehension through audio-visual and interactive learning experiences. However, challenges such as insufficient computers, lack of updated hardware and software, and limited technological resources were identified, though these were only moderately serious. Overall, the study concluded that ICT integration significantly improves teaching effectiveness and pupil achievement, emphasizing the importance of continued support, training, and resource provision to maximize its benefits in the classroom.
Charles Ogboi, Oluseye Adekunle Elugbaju
This study investigated the baseline and interactive effects of infrastructure financing and institutional quality on poverty reduction in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post facto research design, utilizing secondary time-series data covering a twenty-six-year period (1999–2024). Data were analyzed using the Johansen Cointegration test and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple regression. The baseline OLS regression results (Model 1) revealed that public expenditure on infrastructure had a significant positive impact on per capita income (β = 0.1056, t = 3.1803, p = 0.0043), while unmoderated private investment was statistically insignificant (β = 0.0103, t = 0.6154, p = 0.5446), yielding an R2 of 0.3465 and an F-statistic of 3.8887 (p = 0.0226). However, in the interactive model (Model 2) where financing was moderated by institutional quality, private investment demonstrated a highly significant positive impact on poverty alleviation (β = 3.76E-07, t = 6.5553, p = 0.0000), causing the explanatory power of the model to surge to an R2 of 0.7800 and an F-statistic of 24.8197 (p = 0.0000). Conversely, public expenditure moderated by institutional quality lost its statistical significance (β = 2.77E-06, t = 1.3057, p = 0.2058), exposing a profound public spending paradox where government funds are neutralized by systemic inefficiencies. The study concluded that public capital expenditure is statistically inefficient at reducing poverty in the absence of strong governance, whereas institutionally protected private investment acts as a vital catalyst for wealth creation. Therefore, the study recommends the aggressive promotion of Public-Private Partnerships and the implementation of comprehensive anti-corruption reforms to maximize the macroeconomic impact of infrastructure investments.
Abang Zainoren Bin Abang Abdurahman, Azlina Bujang, Ch’ng Looi-Chin, Daymar Latok anak Daya
This study examined the relationship between digital entrepreneurship and innovation sustainability in Kuching’s tourism sector, with access to financial resources as a moderating factor. Four dimensions of digital entrepreneurship were investigated which are Digital Technology Behaviors (DTB), Digital Entrepreneurship Capability (DEC), Digital Infrastructure (DI) and Digital Business Model (DBM). A quantitative design was employed using survey data from 486 tourism enterprises across nine subsectors in Kuching, Sarawak. Grounded in Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the study utilized Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to analyze direct and moderated relationships. All four digital entrepreneurship dimensions significantly influenced innovation sustainability, with DTB (β=0.599) and DI (β=0.526) showing the strongest direct effects, followed by DBM (β=0.515) and DEC (β=0.368). Critically, Access to Financial Resources significantly moderates only the relationship between DBM and Innovation Sustainability (β=0.400, p<0.001), while moderating effects on DTB, DEC and DI relationships were non-significant. The model explained 60.3% of variance in innovation sustainability. Digital business model innovation and infrastructure development are the most impactful drivers of sustainable innovation in tourism, but they operate through different mechanisms. Financial resources substantially enhance business model innovation outcomes while technological behavior and entrepreneurial capabilities depend more on knowledge and skills than financial access. The study extends Resource-Based View theory by demonstrating that not all digital resources are equally reliant on financial capital. Practically, tourism enterprises should prioritize business model innovation and infrastructure investment, while policymakers should develop targeted financial schemes supporting digital business model experimentation and scaling in regional tourism contexts.
Moses Kwasi Kusedzi, Nana Afia Amponsah Opoku-Asare, Rosemary Emefa Ahiadeke
The motivation of teachers in sub-Saharan African educational settings has been a continuous dilemma, especially where the lack of resources clashes with the need for pedagogical creativity. This study examined the mediating aspect of teacher self-efficacy in the correlation between innovative leadership, teacher professional development (TPD), and teacher motivation among senior high school teachers in Ghana. The study utilised the positivist, explanatory, and cross-sectional survey design underlined by the Self-Determination and Social Cognitive theories. The survey questionnaire was self-designed and administered to a convenience sample of 351 Senior High School teachers in the public and private schools in the Volta Region, Ghana. The partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to analyse the data in 5,000 bootstrap sub-samples. Data analysis revealed that innovative leadership characterised had a positive, significant influence on teacher self-efficacy (= 0.459, p =0.001) but had no statistically significant direct effect on teacher motivation (=0.121, p=0.064). The effect of teacher professional development was found to have a direct significant impact on teacher motivation (= 0.583, p = 0.001) and teacher self-efficacy (= 0.132, p = 0.001). Teacher self-efficacy was a strong predictor of teacher motivation (0.209, p < 0.001) and mediated the relationship between innovative leadership and teacher motivation (0.099, p = 0.020) as well as the TPD - motivation relationship (0.027, p = 0.007). The structural model pointed out a 44.2% variance in teacher motivation. This suggests teacher self-efficacy is an essential psychological process that enables institutional leadership and professional growth to manifest into long-term motivational results for teachers. It is important that educational policymakers and administrators of schools incorporate efficacy-building measures in leadership development and teacher professional development programmes.
Aloysius Sam, Godfred Fobiri, Marfo Bright Fosu, Peter Buckson
This study aims to develop an integrative digital leadership framework to mitigate performance inefficiencies in road construction projects by examining how digital technologies and leadership practices can jointly improve project delivery. A qualitative research design was adopted within a constructivist paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 12 experienced professionals drawn from government agencies, private consulting firms, and contracting organisations involved in road construction in Ghana. The data were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns related to inefficiencies, socio-technical conditions, digital adoption, and leadership competencies. The study found that project inefficiencies manifest mainly as delays, rework, fragmented coordination, slow approvals, weak supervision, and poor information flow. It also revealed that the effectiveness of digital tools depends on organisational readiness, technical competence, institutional support, and leadership capability. Road sector stakeholders should embed digital tools within routine project management, strengthen digital training, improve accountability systems, and develop leadership competencies in digital literacy, coordination, and change management. Sustainable improvement in road construction performance depends on aligning digital capability with effective leadership and coordinated governance. The study offers an original socio-technical framework that integrates digital drivers, leadership competencies, and performance outcomes within road construction practice.
Henry Tando, I Gde Nyoman Sangka, I Gede Suputra Widharma, I Ketut Sumadi, I Made Budiada, I Nengah Sunaya, I Nyoman Kiriana
This article explores interreligious communication between Hindu and Muslim communities through a reinterpretation of the classical Hindu communication theory of Sādhāraṇikaraṇa, framed within the lens of Perennial Philosophy. The study investigates how communication strategies rooted in religious traditions contribute to promoting religious moderation in plural societies such as Indonesia. Sādhāraṇikaraṇa, which emphasizes the simplification and universalization of religious messages, is analyzed as a communicative bridge capable of transcending doctrinal boundaries. The research adopts a qualitative approach, combining literature review and in-depth interviews with religious leaders and interfaith communication practitioners. Findings indicate that both Hindu and Islamic communication models emphasize shared spiritual values such as compassion, justice, and peace — values aligned with the universal truths proposed by Perennial Philosophy. These shared foundations support a moderate communication paradigm, fostering dialogue and mutual understanding across religious divides. This study contributes to the global discourse on interfaith communication by offering a cross-cultural theoretical synthesis that integrates Eastern and universalist perspectives.
Dr. Revina O. Mendoza, Riazelle Jane G. Cabigquez, LPT, MAED-EED
Self-efficacy in teaching, reflective practice, and quality of supervision are generally considered to play significant roles in teacher preparation, yet limited research has been conducted to explore how these three variables interact with one another to determine their impacts on the teaching performance of pre-service teachers during internship. This study examined the relationships among these variables and determined their direct and indirect effects on the teaching performance of pre-service elementary teachers in selected cooperating schools in the Department of Education of Misamis Oriental. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) descriptive-correlational research design was used to establish the relationships and the best-fit model of the variables. Data were collected from 126 pre-service teachers, with teaching performance evaluated by 96 cooperating teachers and further supported by 5 internship supervisors, using validated survey instruments measuring self-efficacy, reflective practice (reflection-for-action, reflection-in-action, and reflection-on-action), supervision quality, and teaching performance across six domains: lesson planning and preparation, content knowledge and pedagogy, classroom management and learning environment, instructional delivery, assessment, and professionalism. The levels of the variables were determined using descriptive statistics, and correlation analysis and SEM were employed to identify the relationships and predictive impacts of the variables. Results indicated a high level of teaching performance among the pre-service teachers. Structural equation modeling identified the best-fit model, revealing that supervision quality significantly influences self-efficacy, which in turn affects reflection-for-action and ultimately enhances teaching performance. Teaching performance also significantly predicted key areas such as lesson planning, content knowledge, and professionalism, with varying degrees. Overall, the findings indicate that these variables show indirect effects on teaching performance through interrelated pathways. The study highlights the importance of strengthening supervision and fostering reflective practice to improve teaching competence. Future research may utilize longitudinal or experimental designs, expand samples, and include additional variables to further explain teaching performance.
Nneka Stella Odoh
This paper addresses governance challenges in Nigeria through a semiotic examination of select political cartoons by the prominent Nigerian cartoonist, Mike Asukwo. These cartoons provide a critique of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration. The data consists of 20 political cartoons published in the BusinessDay Newspaper in 2025. A sample size of 4 cartoons were purposively selected and analysed based on their relevance to the topic under study as well as the presence of rich semiotic resources. Roland Barthes’ (1977) model of analysis, particularly his perception of denotation and connotation theories anchored on three levels of signification (linguistic, literal and symbolic) was used as the analytical framework to examine how the verbal and visual elements employed in the cartoons interrogate governance challenges in Nigeria. The analysis revealed the use of caricature, analogies, facial expressions, gestures, and colour as compositional devices at the denoted level to depict objects, ideas, and people that have connections to real-life events and experiences. Also, rhetorical devices like allusion, personification, irony, symbolism, hyperbole, contrast and condensation were used in the cartoons at the linguistic, literal, and symbolic levels to construct humorous satirical messages. Corruption, abuse of power, lack of empathy, and weak public institutions are identified as some of the critical factors that promote bad governance in Nigeria. The study provides a contextual lens for understanding how political cartoons function as a tool for meaning-making and speaking truth to power within the interpretive fields of semiotics and multimodal discourse.
Nneka Stella Odoh, PhD
This paper addresses governance challenges in Nigeria through a semiotic examination of select political cartoons by the prominent Nigerian cartoonist, Mike Asukwo. These cartoons provide a critique of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s administration. The data consists of 20 political cartoons published in the BusinessDay Newspaper in 2025. A sample size of 4 cartoons were purposively selected and analysed based on their relevance to the topic under study as well as the presence of rich semiotic resources. Roland Barthes’ (1977) model of analysis, particularly his perception of denotation and connotation theories anchored on three levels of signification (linguistic, literal and symbolic) was used as the analytical framework to examine how the verbal and visual elements employed in the cartoons interrogate governance challenges in Nigeria. The analysis revealed the use of caricature, analogies, facial expressions, gestures, and colour as compositional devices at the denoted level to depict objects, ideas, and people that have connections to real-life events and experiences. Also, rhetorical devices like allusion, personification, irony, symbolism, hyperbole, contrast and condensation were used in the cartoons at the linguistic, literal, and symbolic levels to construct humorous satirical messages. Corruption, abuse of power, lack of empathy, and weak public institutions are identified as some of the critical factors that promote bad governance in Nigeria. The study provides a contextual lens for understanding how political cartoons function as a tool for meaning-making and speaking truth to power within the interpretive fields of semiotics and multimodal discourse.
Chukwuemeke Ufeli Ovili, Olubunmi Oluchi Egwu-Chukwu, Oluwapelumi Emmanuel Michael, Osahon James Ediae, Thaddeus Origho
This study investigates the sustainable design strategies implemented in selected youth centers in Nigeria, aiming to evaluate their contribution to environmental sustainability. A systematic review of existing literature served as the primary method for data collection, employing qualitative research techniques. The search utilized multiple search engines, including ResearchGate and Google Scholar, along with additional websites with relevant information on sustainable design strategies in youth centers. This review was limited to publications from the past ten years. The gathered data underwent content analysis, which was subsequently presented through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that none of the case studies sufficiently incorporated all necessary sustainable design strategies, particularly regarding energy efficiency and sustainable site utilization. This research underscores the significance of sustainable design strategies in promoting environmental sustainability in public buildings. Implementing these strategies not only reduces energy consumption but also offers additional environmental benefits, positively affecting both public health and stakeholder finances. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to the development of a framework that empowers building stakeholders to integrate sustainable design strategies at every stage of the building project life-cycle.
Janice S. Leal, Laizy Lyn C. Alarilla, Mark-Jay C. Primo, Noel B. Agustin
The study examined the investment practices and financial challenges faced by micro and small food enterprises in Guimba, Nueva Ecija. A descriptive-correlational study design was utilized in the study. A total of 40 business owners were purposefully selected to provide data using a structured questionnaire. This questionnaire evaluated factors such as capital allocation, reinvestment, financial planning, financial problems, and sustainability aspects. The results indicate that most firms were categorized as micro-scale, operated with a limited workforce, and produced minimal monthly income. Respondents generally demonstrated positive investing strategies, especially in capital allocation and reinvestment; however, their financial planning methods requires further improvement. The enterprises had considerable financial difficulties, particularly concerning credit accessibility, inconsistent cash flows, and escalating operational expenses. The findings of the study highlights that although micro and small food businesses has responsible financial behaviors, significant financial constraints hinder their long-term suitability.
Dr. Bishnupriya Mohanty, Haritra Devidas Sawant
Fistula-in-ano is a chronic granulomatous condition associated with high recurrence rates and postoperative complications. In Ayurveda, it is described as Bhagandara, for which Ksharasutra therapy is considered an effective para-surgical intervention. Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ksharasutra therapy in the management of fistula-in-ano. Case Description: A 33-year-old male patient presented with persistent perianal discharge and pain for 6 months. MRI revealed a transsphincteric fistulous tract. The patient underwent Ksharasutra application combined with partial fistulectomy under local anaesthesia. Results: Complete healing of the fistula was achieved within 5 weeks. No complications were reported, and no recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow up period. Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of Ksharasutra may be attributed to its mechanical ligation and chemical cauterization properties, which facilitate debridement and healing. This case highlights that Ksharasutra therapy is a safe, cost-effective, and minimally invasive alternative to conventional surgical procedures in the management of fistula-in-ano.
Alessandra Joice Cruz, Armie V. Cruz, Gianne Precious V. Cruz, Jayme Ann DC. Santos, Jericho Theod Bartolome, Joel B. Faustino, Joseline M. Santos, Princess Angeli A. Roxas
The integration of EdTech tools in early childhood education involves data-driven resources to provide a meaningful learning experience for children. In line with the Department of Education’s policies on ICT integration, this study aims to design, develop, and validate the LakBayan: An Interactive Digital Storybook. The participants of the study included an intact section of 29 Grade 1 pupils and 6 evaluators. Using a descriptive-developmental design with a quasi-experimental approach, the study first described the learners’ baseline cognitive skills and the systematic development and evaluation process of LakBayan. Results revealed that post-test scores improved after the intervention. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, evaluating the effectiveness of LakBayan in enhancing the cognitive skills of young learners. The study concludes that LakBayan is a reliable digital resource in ECE, with implications for parent guiding, teacher training, curriculum design, and policy development in the Philippine context.
Bity Salwana Alias, Mohd Norazmi Nordin, Siti Norfatin Abdullah
Inclusive education has become a fundamental priority within contemporary education systems, particularly in responding to the varied learning requirements of students with special educational needs (SEN). Although inclusive education is strongly supported through international and national policy frameworks, many schools continue to encounter challenges in converting inclusive ideals into effective day-to-day practices. Research consistently identifies leadership as a decisive element shaping the success or failure of inclusive initiatives. This systematic literature review brings together recent empirical studies examining leadership practices that support the creation of inclusive learning environments for students with special educational needs (SEN), with a focus on leadership strategies, implementation barriers, and organisational responsibilities. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 48 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2022 and 2026 were sourced from the Scopus and Web of Science databases and examined through qualitative content analysis. Two primary themes emerged from the analysis: the role of leadership in promoting inclusive environments and the challenges involved in implementing inclusive practices for SEN students. The results indicate that inclusive practices are strengthened by visionary leadership, sustained organisational commitment, and collaborative engagement, whereas cultural, socioeconomic, and systemic limitations continue to hinder effective implementation. This review highlights the importance of school leaders adopting context-sensitive, resource-aware, and culturally responsive leadership approaches to achieve sustainable inclusive education. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers aiming to enhance leadership capacity within inclusive education contexts.
Kalu-okoro, U. A
This study examined the relationship between leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation of selected fast-food enterprises in Owerri, Imo State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The accessible population was 235 employees of ten (10) selected fast-food enterprises in Owerri. The sample size of 148 was determined using Taro Yamane formula. Purposive sampling technique was utilized. The primary data was generated through structured questionnaire based on the 5-point Likert scale. 136 copies of questionnaires were retrieved and used for analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The reliability of the instrument was attained using the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scored above the threshold of 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. The tests were carried out at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a significant and positive relationship between the dimensions of leadership styles and entrepreneurial orientation of fast-food enterprises in Owerri, Imo State. The study recommends among others that business owners and managers of fast-food businesses should mostly adopt transformational and servant leadership styles which fosters creative and innovative climate which aids employees to contribute their ideas, take calculated risks, enhances their motivation and engagement. Moreover, government agencies should design leadership focused capacity-building initiatives while policy makers introduce innovation-supportive policies that will help fast-food enterprises remain competitive and resilient in a rapidly changing business environment
Jayson C. Talisayon, Mel Louie C. Suarez
This study explored the effectiveness of the Katarungang Pambarangay (KP) process and the challenges encountered based on the perceptions of the Lupong Tagapamayapa in Borongan City. As mandated by Republic Act No. 7160, Katarungang Pambarangay is an approach to resolving disputes in a friendly manner in order to reduce the burden of the judicial courts and promote social harmony in the community. A qualitative case study research design guided the research in gathering data through the use of semi-structured interviews with key informants such as the Punong Barangay, Barangay Secretary, and Lupon member. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the gathered information. Results showed that while Lupon members are familiar with KP procedures, they are not completely knowledgeable about the process due to insufficient training opportunities. Katarungang Pambarangay helps avoid unnecessary litigation expenses, speeds up the process, and bring peace in the community. Nevertheless, the difficulty in resolving emotionally charged cases, the lack of motivation and inadequate training are significant constraints for the process.
Raji-Ellams., Zaynab Bolanle
For decades, there has been an argument among analysts that the discourse of Western foreign policy has frequently posited military action against hostile states as a means to achieve stability in the Middle East. In early 2026, as the US-Israel military campaign against Iran escalated, there were conflicting claims on the legality and justification of the war. Opponents have claimed that the campaign is a breach of international law, while proponents refer to the UN Security Council resolutions on nuclear non-proliferation. Also, academic and media analysts have reported trends in Western media reporting, which, as they see it, are biased toward official sources and underreport civilian deaths, and which they refer to as structural bias instead of intentional malpractice (African News Agency, 2026). They are performing beyond the coverage of the war, as they have seemingly been part of the making of its excuses, laundering its legality and whitewashing its human price. The United States and Israel coordinated air and missile attacks on Iran on 28 February 2026, targeting the military, nuclear, and strategic command centres. One of the first attacks killed the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei (Al Jazeera, 2026). In just a few hours, a US Tomahawk cruise missile hit the elementary school of the Shajareh Tayyebeh girls in Minab city, Hormozgan Province, during school time. More than 175 people were killed in the explosion, and almost all of them were schoolgirls between seven and twelve years old (The Guardian, 2026; Wion, 2026). The Minab school incident which the Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi described as a war crime and crime against humanity had been covered differently by the media. The New York Times published a report headlined ‘Analysis Suggests School Was Hit Amid US Strikes on Iranian Naval Base’ (Wion, 2026), and linguistic analysis indicates that this headline uses passive constructions and attributes agency to the analysis as against the military men on the field. These framing decisions align with larger trends in media studies, where reporting on civilian casualties of allied or Western military strikes are more likely to adopt passive voice or nominalization than reporting on casualties caused by adversary actions. However, scholars are skeptical about whether this is a conscious bias, institutional habit, or a compliance with sourcing conventions. The overarching concern of this research is anchored on how the Western and Middle East news media differently frame the US-Israel war against Iran to justify military intervention, frame threat perception, and establish victimhood. To realise the objective, the study compares critical discourse analysis of the coverage of six outlets over three months of the initial period of the campaign. The theoretical framework combines the framing theory by Entman (1993) as the main analytical lens with strategic narrative theory as a supportive framework, which will be operationalised using the legitimation strategies proposed by van Leeuwen (2008). Notably, the second section of this paper is an overview of framing theory and strategic narrative theory as mutually reinforcing analytical approaches, including the limitations of each and the importance of their combination. Section three describes the methodology, such as the case selection, the sampling strategy, and the four-step analytic framework. The fourth section includes the comparative analysis of the three thematic dimensions of legitimacy construction, threat framing, and victimhood attribution. Section five presents findings in the context of existing media and war literature, specifically the propaganda model proposed by Herman and Chomsky (1988), the idea of grievable life by Butler (2009), and Orientalism by Said (1978). Section six draws conclusions regarding journalism ethics, audience reception, and future research.
Florabel C. Lovido, Revina O. Mendoza
Writing proficiency is a fundamental academic skill that requires the integration of vocabulary knowledge, strategic regulation, and confidence in written communication. However, limited studies have examined the combined roles of lexical competence, metacognitive skills, and writing self-efficacy in relation to writing performance among struggling senior high school writers. This study examined the relationships among lexical competence, metacognitive skills, writing self-efficacy, and writing performance in a group of 149 struggling Grade 12 Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) writers in a selected school in Bukidnon during the School Year 2025–2026. Using a quantitative descriptive–correlational design, data were collected through the Lexical Competence Test, the Metacognitive Strategies of Writing Survey (MSWS), the Questionnaire of English Writing Self-Efficacy (QEWSE), and an analytic rubric for writing performance. Descriptive statistics, canonical correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that participants demonstrated a Fair level of lexical competence, with strength in word formation but weakness in collocation knowledge. Metacognitive skills were High, while writing self-efficacy was Moderate. Writing performance remained at a Fair level. Canonical correlation analysis indicated that lexical competence and metacognitive skills were significantly associated with writing performance, whereas writing self-efficacy was not. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the model was statistically significant; however, only lexical competence emerged as a significant predictor. The findings highlight the role of vocabulary knowledge in writing development. It is recommended that English teachers implement collocation-focused vocabulary instruction and structured writing supports to improve learners’ writing performance.
Aljosevan Soriano Evangelista
This study explored the lived experiences of beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) in Barangay Quirino, Solano, Nueva Vizcaya. Specifically, it examined the beneficiaries’ living conditions prior to their enrollment in the program, their experiences during participation, and their present socioeconomic conditions after more than a decade of involvement. Understanding these experiences provides insight into how conditional cash transfer programs influence the lives of marginalized households. A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with five long-term beneficiaries selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The participants were mothers who had been beneficiaries of the program for approximately twelve years. Interviews were conducted in Filipino to encourage open responses and were subsequently transcribed and translated for analysis. Thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes related to school participation, access to health services, and basic household needs. Findings revealed that prior to enrollment in the program, beneficiaries experienced severe economic hardship characterized by unstable income, food insecurity, and limited access to healthcare and educational resources. During their participation in the program, respondents reported improvements in supporting their children’s schooling and obtaining basic healthcare services due to the financial assistance provided. However, despite these improvements, many households continued to struggle with meeting basic needs due to rising living costs and limited livelihood opportunities. The study concludes that while the program contributes to improvements in human capital development, additional livelihood support and economic opportunities are necessary to ensure sustainable poverty reduction among beneficiary households.
Modou A. Sambou, Qorban Ali Nikzad, Yankuba Camara
This study examines how proficiency in Chinese language functions as a form of economic capital for alumni returnees from universities in mainland China. The study explores the processes through which proficiency in Chinese language is acquired and the ways in which it is mobilized non-Chinese speakers who studied in China to secure employment in home-country labor markets as well as the sectors that offer them employment. Anchored in Bourdieu’s theory of capital, the research conceptualizes language proficiency as a form of linguistic capital that can be converted into economic outcomes under specific social and structural conditions. The study employs qualitative case study design with snowball sampling to involve 23 participants. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and data was analysed using thematic approach. The findings reveal that the acquisition of proficiency Chinese is a cumulative and context-dependent process shaped by four key pathways which are structured classroom learning, immersive social interaction, self-directed learning practices, and engagement in academic and professional contexts. In terms of employment outcomes, the study identifies four primary mechanisms through which returnees convert their linguistic capital into economic capital which are direct recruitment by Chinese firms, the mobilization of alumni and professional networks, the strategic use of Chinese proficiency as a competitive advantage in the labor market, and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities in translation and intermediary services. Five major sectors of employment, construction, trade and logistics, technology and telecommunications, translation services, and manufacturing, within which returnees predominantly occupy intermediary roles bridging Chinese and local actors. The findings demonstrates the growing importance of Chinese language skills as a strategic resource for employability in an increasingly interconnected global economy.
Dr. Miguela B. Napier, Jasmin P. Moner
Child motherhood is a multifaceted and culturally ingrained phenomena influence by systemic disparities and societal standards. This study examined the lived experiences of Meranao women who became child mothers, focusing on the factors influencing their transition, the support structures that aided them, and the significance they attributed to their experiences. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological design, data were gathered through in-depth interviews with seven participants and analyzed by the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen technique. Finding showed theme 1 as the life as the turning point, theme 2, the Cultural Networks as a Source of Strength, Care, and Adaptation, theme 3, Theme 3: Motherhood as a Life Redirection. The child motherhood represents a notable period marked by an abrupt transition from childhood to maturity, influence by poverty, limited educational opportunities, and the premature domestic responsibilities. Nevertheless, these hurdles, participants were supported by strong cultural networks, especially familial and communal organizations that provided care, advice and sense of belonging. Over time, participants reinterpreted their experiences, converting child motherhood into a source of meaning, obligation and aspiration. This process reflects a shift from vulnerability to autonomy, where participants demonstrated a profound dedication to transforming the life of their paths of their children. The study concludes the child motherhood among Meranao women represents both a condition of constraint and catalyst for transformations, highlighting the necessity for culturally informed and community-oriented initiatives. These findings amplify the understanding of child motherhood and underscore the importance of including cultural context in policy and practice.
Mohd Zul Amirul Izwan bin Mat Deraseh, Muammar Ghaddafi Hanafiah
This study was conducted to analyze local wisdom in the management of domestic landscapes among the Malay community in Kelantan, focusing on the sustainability and functionality of house yards. Although the Kelantan Malay community is often associated with strong religious beliefs through the title 'Serambi Mekah' (Veranda of Mecca), the physical outdoor space of their homes is rarely viewed as a manifestation of systematic and holistic cultural wisdom. Therefore, this article aims to dissect how the yard is managed not merely for its aesthetic value but as a strategic zone that supports survival and reflects the local community's worldview. The methodology employs a qualitative approach with an ethnographic design through field research in the Kota Bharu District. Data was obtained via observation and semi-structured interviews with 7 informants, comprising local residents and mosque imams. The data was then analyzed thematically using the Malay Hygiene Model as the primary analytical instrument, which encompasses the concepts of Islamic cleanliness, social civilization, local wisdom and the traditional Malay house. The findings indicate that the management of this community's domestic landscape is centered on systematic spatial division. The front yard functions as an ecological and social buffer zone through the use of materials like white gravel. The side yard is optimized not only as a utility transition space but also acts as a "third space" and a visual privacy boundary for the family. Meanwhile, the back yard exhibits high local wisdom through the integration of a mini edible garden, the application of ethnobotanical knowledge for traditional food packaging materials and a sustainable food waste disposal cycle via small-scale domestic animal farming. The study concludes that yard management in Kelantan is a sustainable form of cultural technology that guarantees the sustainability of logistical resources, ecological balance, and the architectural identity of the nation.
Marjorie S. Fernandez
Lack of awareness of teenage pregnancy among male adolescents is a global concern. I explored the perceptions of male adolescents towards teenage pregnancy. I used a qualitative descriptive research design and interviewed 10 purposively selected participants. Using thematic analysis, I found that male adolescents perceive teenage pregnancy as a burdened responsibility with significant emotional and financial demands, and as a broader social issue beyond individual concern. Family upbringing, peer influence, and social expectations shape their perceptions, highlighting the importance of parental guidance and open communication. Adolescents recognize the consequences of early pregnancy and the role of social institutions in guiding their values and behaviors. These factors collectively influence rational decision-making, encouraging maturity and thoughtful choices in relationships. Promotion of awareness that teenage pregnancy is a burdened responsibility influenced by social factors and consequences, through informed decision-making, open communication, and inclusive educational initiatives, is encouraged. Future research may include exploratory factor analysis, multiple linear regression, and case studies on teenage pregnancy to examine further and strengthen the understanding of adolescent decision-making and behaviors related to teenage pregnancy
Zulkiffly Baharom
This study provides a systematic bibliometric review of the worldwide research landscape in internal auditing, emphasizing key trends, major contributors, and emerging topics over the past fifty years (1970-2024). We employed a comprehensive bibliometric methodology to analyze 1,092 peer-reviewed articles from the Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus databases. Using ScientoPy and VOSviewer, we conducted detailed analyses, including citation network mapping, topic visualization, and network analysis, all within a rigorous review process to ensure quality. The results reveal different patterns across databases: WoS continues to expand (AGR: 0.5%, h-index: 62), while Scopus shows a decline (AGR: -2%, h-index: 37). The United States remains a leading research hub (290 publications, h-index: 51), whereas Indonesia is emerging as a growth market (AGR: 4%). The Managerial Auditing Journal contributes the most scholarly work (169 publications; h-index: 35). Thematic analysis uncovers three interconnected research clusters focused on core auditing concepts, governance frameworks, and performance measurement methods. Limitations such as database coverage and language focus may restrict a full understanding of global research, highlighting the need for enhanced international collaboration and diverse theoretical perspectives to address regional research gaps. These findings provide valuable insights for scholars, auditors, and policymakers as they evolve internal auditing from a compliance function to a strategic organizational role in today’s global business landscape. This comprehensive review of global internal auditing scholarship identifies institutional biases and key areas for future theoretical development, supporting ongoing research efforts.
Amusa, S.O, Fadiji, A.A, Fatoki, M. S, Ganiyu, Y.A
This study investigates the stochastic behavior of rainfall in Nigeria using probabilistic modeling and Markov chain analysis. Recognizing the critical role of rainfall in agriculture, water resource management, and urban planning, the project captures inherent randomness, seasonal variability, and long-term trends in precipitation patterns. Monthly rainfall data from selected Nigerian cities were analyzed with WinQSB software to develop transition probability matrices for defined rainfall states: low, moderate, heavy, very heavy, and extremely heavy. The study derives transition probabilities, steady-state distributions, and recurrence times for different rainfall intensities. Analysis reveals significant persistence in low rainfall states and varied probabilities for transitions to higher intensities, offering insights into the likelihood of extreme rainfall events. Steady-state probabilities indicate the long-term frequency of each rainfall category, while recurrence times measure the average duration between similar events. Results confirm that Markov chain models are effective tools for predicting rainfall variability in a region characterized by climatic uncertainty. These findings have significant implications for enhancing early warning systems, optimizing agricultural practices, and guiding water resource management policies in Nigeria. Recommendations for future research include integrating hybrid models that combine traditional stochastic methods with machine learning techniques to further refine rainfall predictions and support adaptive climate strategies.
Elizabeth Titilayo Aduloju
Nigeria’s information landscape has changed rapidly as social media platforms increasingly mediate how citizens access, interpret, and share news. While traditional media bias in Nigeria has been widely documented, less attention has been paid to how algorithmic systems on platforms such as Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, and YouTube shape public knowledge, amplify misinformation, and influence civic reasoning. This paper examines the intersection of media bias and information literacy in Nigeria, focusing on the role of social media algorithms in shaping visibility, engagement, and credibility within the digital public sphere. Drawing on conceptual literature on media bias, information literacy, and algorithmic governance, alongside qualitative analysis of documented Nigerian cases—including election misinformation, public health crises, and ethno-religious tensions—the study argues that algorithmic curation exacerbates existing structural biases while creating new forms of “algorithmic bias” that disproportionately affect low-literacy and highly vulnerable populations. The paper further demonstrates that limited algorithmic literacy among Nigerians increases susceptibility to misinformation and polarising content. It concludes by proposing a multi-level framework to strengthen information literacy, improve algorithmic transparency, and foster a fairer and more trustworthy Nigerian information ecosystem.
Faizul Ayupp Dino, John Francis Belen, Kedani Ganie, Khairunnisa Ibrahim, Nur Suriayanti Gadiman, Nurashikin Nazer Mohamed
This study examines the influence of microenterprises’ social media product information on consumer information adoption and purchase intention in Malaysia. Drawing on the Information Adoption Model, the study proposes that information credibility, information quality, and information usefulness influence consumers’ adoption of product information, which subsequently affects purchase intention. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed to consumers in Malaysia who actively search for product information on microenterprises’ social media platforms. A total of 388 valid responses were analysed using Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS. The findings reveal that information credibility, information quality, and information usefulness all have significant positive effects on information adoption. Among these factors, information usefulness emerged as the strongest predictor. The results further indicate that information adoption has a significant positive effect on purchase intention. The proposed model explained 81% of the variance in information adoption and 62% of the variance in purchase intention. This study contributes to the literature by extending the Information Adoption Model to the context of microenterprises and social media marketing in Malaysia. The findings also provide practical implications for microenterprises by highlighting the importance of providing credible, high-quality, and useful product information to enhance consumer engagement and purchase intention.
Dr Stephene Handa, Muchemi Moses Kamau
The African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) represents one of the most ambitious contemporary peace support operations, combining elements of peacekeeping, counterinsurgency, and state-building. Despite tactical gains against Al-Shabaab, the mission has struggled to produce sustainable strategic outcomes. This paper argues that ATMIS’s limitations stem from mission creep and conceptual drift, particularly its conflation of combat and war. Drawing on Clausewitzian theory, counterinsurgency scholarship, and peacekeeping literature, the study synthesizes arguments from leading scholars to demonstrate how the erosion of conceptual clarity undermines operational coherence, legitimacy, and long-term effectiveness. By blurring the distinction between combat as a tactical activity and war as a political enterprise, ATMIS has adopted a fragmented approach that prioritizes kinetic engagements over strategic political outcomes. The paper concludes that restoring conceptual clarity and aligning military action with political objectives is essential for the mission’s success.
Kabom Doruk, Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri
This study examines the mutidimensional role of Mithun (Bos frontalis ) in the socio-economic, ritual and political life of the Adi tribe of East Siang District, Arunachal Pradesh. Drawing on primary data collected through participant observation, household surveys, semi-structured interviews and field observation supplemented by secondary sources, the paper analysis Mithun as a symbol of wealth, prestige and social security as well as a medium of exchange, compensation and political legitimacy. The findings reveal that Mithun occupies a central position in life cycle rituals, dispute settlement, clan conferences and electoral politics, while also functioning as a critical economic asset during health emergencies and household contingencies. In recent years, increasing demand, high liquidity and rising market prices have contributed to the commercialization of Mithun, particularly through the sale of meat. This transition reflects a broader shift for subsistence-oriented and symbolic use toward market- based exchange, with significant implications for cultural values and sustainability. The study highlights the changing dynamics of Mithun rearing and underscores the need to balance cultural preservation with emerging economic pressures.
Meriem Merabet, Nadjoua Bouzourine
This study examines the determinants of university professors’ digital trust in the Progress platform in Algerian higher education. Using a PLS-SEM approach and data from 382 professors, the study analyzes the effects of service quality, ease of use, security and information protection, technical stability and support, and academic suitability. The results indicate that security and information protection have the strongest and most significant effect on digital trust (β = 0.394, p < 0.001), followed by technical stability and support (β = 0.143, p = 0.045). In contrast, service quality and academic suitability show positive but non-significant effects, while ease of use has no significant impact. The model explains 46.4% of the variance in digital trust (R² = 0.464) and demonstrates strong predictive relevance (Q² = 0.385). The findings highlight that digital trust in institutional platforms is primarily driven by security and system reliability, emphasizing the importance of data protection and stable digital infrastructure in supporting higher education digital transformation.
Shella May B. Belacas
This study examined the significance of the influence of motivation and hygiene factors on job satisfaction among public elementary school teachers of Kabacan, North Cotabato. A descriptive-correlational research design was utilized to investigate the relationship of the three variables. Additionally, stratified sampling was used to select respondents from public elementary schools. The responses from the validated adapted research instruments on motivation factors, hygiene factors, and job satisfaction were used as primary data for the study. The statistical tools used to analyze the collected data were mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation, and regression analysis. The findings revealed that teachers exhibited a very high level of motivation primarily driven by intrinsic factors such as achievement, recognition, advancement, and growth. Similarly, the level of hygiene factors was very high indicating strong satisfaction with supervision, company policy, peer relationships, and job security, though salary and work conditions was very high. The level of job satisfaction was also very high with job responsibilities, work environment, and job security emerging as the strongest contributors. Correlation analysis showed that motivation factors have no significant relationship with job satisfaction whereas hygiene factors have a significant positive relationship. Regression analysis further confirmed that hygiene factors significantly predict job satisfaction, while motivation factors do not, explaining the variance in satisfaction levels.
James L. Paglinawan, Juren B. Ampong
This qualitative study looks at the real-life stories of fourteen mothers who are taking graduate studies while also caring for their families and working. Using a phenomenological approach, answers were gathered through Google Forms and then studied to find common themes. The results show four main areas: reasons for studying, challenges faced, strategies used, and advice for other mothers. The mothers shared that they study to grow in their careers, improve themselves, and inspire their children. These reasons connect with Knowles’ (1980) idea that adult learners are goal-driven and Ryan and Deci’s (2000) theory that people are motivated when they feel capable and free to choose. The mothers also talked about struggles with time, tiredness, stress, and money, which match Lazarus and Folkman’s (1984) view that stress happens when demands are greater than resources, and Hobfoll’s (1989) idea that stress comes when personal energy and support are drained. To cope, they use schedules, set priorities, and ask for family help, which agrees with CohenMiller et al. (2022) and Cantero et al. (2024) who found that organization and support are key for student-mothers. The study concludes that while mothers face many challenges, their strength, discipline, and support systems help them succeed. It also suggests that schools and policymakers should give flexible programs and more support to mothers in graduate studies.
Margie G Mingoy, Philip N Talay
Disaster is defined as an unexpected natural or man-made catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment. Each disaster is unique in that each affected region of the world has different social, economic, and health backgrounds. While disaster response operations are crucial in ensuring that immediate help will be given to all affected communities provided usually by the uniformed personnel, specifically in the disaster response.
Nurulhuda Adabiah Mustafa, Seri Aina Saffiya Ruslen, Tuan Damia Qistina Tuan Rusmadi
This paper analyses the complex conflict between cultural practice and universal human rights in the Malaysian pluralistic legal system. Marked by the co-existence of civil and Syariah law, the Malaysian system is often faced with jurisdictional uncertainties that affect the rights of vulnerable populations, namely, women and children (Hua, 2016; Noor and Lee, 2023). The study examines the ways in which the principle of cultural relativism tends to override the general norms of human rights through a qualitative analysis of the constitution using a doctrinal analysis of constitutional provisions, in this case Article 121(1A) and landmark judicial rulings. The discussion penetrates controversial topics like child marriage and jurisdictional questions in interfaith marriages. The results indicate that, despite legal pluralism's embrace of diversity, it is often associated with loopholes in rights protection when not interpreted in context. The paper suggests adopting inclusive constitutionalism and the broader use of maqāṣid al-shariah as avenues to reconcile religious jurisprudence with international human rights principles, and, finally, legislative changes as a means to protect core liberties.
Mastura Mahfar, Norezlin Sulaiman
The rapid expansion of digital technology has intensified adolescents’ exposure to cyberbullying, creating a pressing need for structured school-based intervention. This study examined the need to develop a group guidance module grounded in Choice Theory Reality Therapy (CTRT) for cyberbullying victims in Malaysian secondary schools. A quantitative survey design was employed, involving 81 secondary school counsellors in Johor. A researcher-developed questionnaire was distributed online via Google Form and analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings demonstrated a strong need for a structured intervention module. Specifically, 72.8% of respondents reported that there were no specific guidelines for handling cyberbullying victims, 60.5% reported lacking the skills to handle such cases, 85.2% had already received clients who were victims of cyberbullying, 85.8% agreed that school counsellors should conduct intervention programmes such as group guidance, 95.1% expressed confidence in applying CTRT to support cyberbullying victims in school, 100% agreed that they needed knowledge on implementing the cyberbullying intervention module using the CTRT approach, and 98.8% supported the development of a CTRT-based intervention module. Additional need-analysis findings showed that 72.8% perceived the absence of specific guidelines for managing cyberbullying victims, 60.5% reported limited skills in handling such cases, 85.2% had already encountered cyberbullying victims in school counselling practice, 85.8% agreed that counsellors should implement intervention programmes such as group guidance, and 98.8% supported the development of a cyberbullying intervention module based on CTRT. Supplementary student-side findings further indicated that 52.8% of students had experienced cyberbullying at least once. Overall, the study provides clear empirical support for the development of a structured, theory-driven, and school-based CTRT module to assist counsellors in responding to cyberbullying more systematically and effectively.
Pham Nhan Hoa
Assessing the seismic vulnerability of modern structural systems traditionally relies on idealized Fixed Base Building assumptions, which inherently neglect the critical flexibility introduced by the foundation and the surrounding geotechnical environment. This assumption can lead to significant miscalculations in structural demand and capacity. This paper presents an advanced computational framework that integrates a lumped parameter Soil-Structure Interaction model with Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis to evaluate the true seismic capacity of three-dimensional spatial frames. By representing the multi-layered soil-pile system as a condensed network of dynamic springs and dashpots, the study bridges complex substructure dynamics with performance-based capacity evaluation methodologies. A 9-story steel benchmark building, subjected to varying non-uniform soil conditions, is utilized to demonstrate the proposed analytical framework. The numerical investigation reveals that foundation flexibility significantly alters the fundamental dynamic characteristics of the structural system. In the nonlinear regime, Soil-Structure Interaction significantly shifts the target roof displacement, exacerbates P-Delta effects due to rigid-body base rotation, and redistributes the formation sequence of plastic hinges compared to the conventional Fixed Base Building model. Furthermore, analysis indicates up to a 17.3% increase in column base shear demands under specific soft-soil pile group configurations. The findings provide vital recommendations for structural design engineers, emphasizing that the rigid base assumption may non-conservatively estimate story drift, ultimate ductility, and the overall collapse mechanism of earthquake-resistant high-rise structures.
Cynthia S. Superable, Isabel Ma. Kaye L. Dagpin
Operating room nurses are responsible for maintaining strict aseptic procedures to prevent surgical site infections. Understanding the role of their training and work experience is essential in examining factors that influence adherence to these practices. This study looked into the operating room nurses’ training and work experience on aseptic procedures adherence among nurses in Zamboanga del Norte. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted in three hospitals in Zamboanga del Norte. Using purposive sampling, 120 operating room nurses from selected public and private hospitals were selected as respondents. Data were gathered through validated questionnaires on OR nurses’ training, work experience and adherence to aseptic procedures. Statistical analyses including average weighted mean, Pearson’s r correlation and regression analysis were used to interpret the findings. The study found that nurses perceived their operating room training as very adequate and their work experience as very great extent. All adherence indicators were rated very high, reflecting strong awareness of infection risks. Strong positive correlations were observed between OR training and adherence domains, while work experience was positively associated with compliance to aseptic procedures. Communication skills, confidence in decision-making, clinical judgment and team collaboration were identified as key predictors of adherence to aseptic practices. It is concluded that OR training and work experience enhance nurses’ skills and awareness, while judgment, proficiency and teamwork promote adherence to aseptic procedures. Operating Room nurses may engage in training, hands-on experience and teamwork to enhance skills and adherence to aseptic procedures. Infection prevention education may be reinforced and future research should examine team dynamics and leadership in sustaining aseptic practices.
Deenaa L A, Dr.K.Kaavya
Softrate Technologies (P) Ltd., like many emerging IT firms in Chennai, faces intensifying pressure to acquire and retain B2B clients in a market characterised by rapid digital disruption and heightened competitor density. An effectively designed B2B sales funnel helps move potential clients systematically from initial awareness to final purchase decisions. Inefficiencies in lead generation, poor lead qualification, prolonged sales cycles, and inconsistent follow-ups can result in lost business opportunities and hinder growth. This study examines the B2B sales funnel and client acquisition processes at Softrate Technologies (P) Ltd., Chennai, with the aim of identifying challenges and exploring strategies to optimize lead generation, conversion, and retention. A structured questionnaire was administered to 150 respondents using convenience sampling. Statistical tools including percentage analysis, Chi-Square tests, and ANOVA were applied. The findings reveal that LinkedIn outreach is the most preferred channel, lead qualification is the most commonly included funnel stage, and long decision cycles represent the primary challenge in lead conversion. The study provides actionable insights to improve sales efficiency, reduce customer acquisition costs, and drive sustainable business growth through systematic and data-driven B2B sales approaches.
James L. Paglinawan, Maria Kristine Ellen L. Lagura
This study examined the relationship among organizational cohesion, e-competence, monitoring and evaluation practices, and managerial proficiency of school administrators. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were gathered from school administrators through a structured survey questionnaire. The study focused on five dimensions of organizational cohesion, five indicators of e-competence, five areas of monitoring and evaluation practices, and five dimensions of managerial proficiency. Results showed that school administrators generally demonstrated high to very high levels across all variables. Organizational cohesion was strong, particularly in shared vision and trust building. E-competence was also highly evident, with information literacy and cyber leadership obtaining the highest ratings. Monitoring and evaluation practices were very highly practiced, especially in outcome tracking, resource audit, and data adjustment. Managerial proficiency was likewise rated highly, with strategic planning and performance control emerging as strengths. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships among organizational cohesion, e-competence, monitoring and evaluation practices, and managerial proficiency. Regression analysis further showed that resource audit under monitoring and evaluation practices was the best predictor of managerial proficiency. These findings suggest that administrators who foster cohesion, strengthen digital competence, and apply systematic monitoring and evaluation are more likely to demonstrate stronger managerial proficiency. The study concludes that effective school leadership requires not only technical and administrative competence but also collaborative, data-driven, and digitally responsive practices.
Kharen Laiza T. Sorino
Instructional diversity and strategic teaching practices support responsive teaching, student engagement, and meaningful learning. Although emphasized in contemporary education, few studies have examined how school administrators and teachers perceive these practices in the same context. This study assessed perceived instructional diversity and strategic teaching practices among school administrators and teachers, explored differences between these groups, and investigated the relationship between instructional diversity and strategic teaching. A quantitative descriptive–comparative and correlational design involved 389 school administrators and 1,000 teachers from selected schools. Data were collected using a validated survey with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.83. Responses on a six-point Likert scale were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation. Findings showed both administrators and teachers reported very high levels of perceived instructional diversity and strategic teaching practices as “Always Manifested.” Administrators reported slightly higher perceptions of instructional diversity, but no significant difference was found in strategic teaching practices. Correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive relationship between perceived instructional diversity and strategic teaching. These findings suggest diverse instructional approaches and strategic pedagogical practices are interconnected and crucial for effective teaching and meaningful learning in educational settings.
Farheen Siddiqui, Homa Rizvi, Vineet Pal, Yukti Verma
Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in the development of smart sustainable cities by enabling efficient management of urban resources and improving the quality of life for citizens. Smart cities utilize advanced technologies such as machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and intelligent automation to enhance infrastructure, transportation, healthcare, energy systems, and environmental management. This research paper explores the role of Artificial Intelligence in transforming traditional urban systems into intelligent, sustainable, and eco-friendly environments. AI-based solutions help optimize traffic management, reduce energy consumption, improve waste management, monitor environmental conditions, and enhance public safety. The proposed framework demonstrates how AI can be integrated into city management systems using structured data collection, real-time monitoring, and predictive analytics. The study also discusses challenges such as data privacy, infrastructure cost, and ethical concerns associated with AI adoption. The results indicate that AI-driven smart city systems significantly improve resource efficiency, sustainability, and urban living standards.
Anselm Su Ting, Dayang Suhana Abg. Madzhi, Helmy Hazmi, Lim Siong Hee, Neilson Richard Seling, Romano Ngui, Sam Froze Jiee, Timothy Adrian Joseph Jinam
This study investigated pesticide residues in raw water from the Sarawak Kiri River catchment, a critical drinking water source supplying the Batu Kitang Water Treatment Plant in Sarawak, Malaysia. Despite the presence of surrounding agricultural activities, comprehensive multi-residue analysis covering acid herbicides, organochlorine, organophosphate pesticides, and other herbicides revealed concentrations below method detection limits in samples collected in January 2025. While these findings suggest an absence of detectable contamination at the point of abstraction, interpretation requires caution. Non-detection does not necessarily equate to absence of risk, particularly given temporal variability, episodic runoff events, and limitations inherent in analytical detection thresholds. The apparent absence of pesticide residues may reflect a combination of low-intensity agricultural practices, effective riparian buffering, hydrological dilution due to high rainfall, and regulatory protection of the catchment.
Dr. ADEGOKE Sunmola Kadiri, Professor ADEPOJU Taiwo Lanre (PhD)
The significant contribution of a well-planned investment in education to industrial revolution is very obvious, considering the rate at which countries like Japan, China and other industrialized countries rose to their enviable state of industrial and economic development today. Unlike the Developed Countries (DCs), Third World Countries or Less Developed Countries (LDCs) are facing several challenges. Among the challenges are poor educational planning and implementations of policy statements. Such challenges have indeed impeded the expected industrial revolution and economic development in the affected countries. By implication, there is no short-cut to development in whatever form. A country that adequately plans and invests substantially in human capital will develop rapidly. The human capital theorists have also subscribed to this thesis. This paper is an explorative analysis that examines the influence which effective educational planning could have on industrial revolution and economic development in Nigeria. Some issues and challenges in respect to industrial revolution and economic development were also discussed in the paper. It also examines the status of higher education and holders of higher education degrees in Nigeria vis-à-vis her economic development. The paper finally presents some conditions that should be considered for effective planning of higher education towards possible industrial revolution and economic development in Nigeria.
M Al-Imran Yasin, Md Rozalafri Johori, Nor Azura Adzharuddin
This study examines the influence of the political economy of media on the dual role of Islamic television broadcasting in Malaysia, which functions as both a religious institution and a commercial industry. However, previous studies have focused more on program content and da‘wah messages, while empirical investigations remain limited on how the structure of political economy shapes the institutional and industrial roles of Islamic television. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of commodification, structuration, and spatialization on the institutional roles and the industrial roles of Islamic television broadcasting in Malaysia. This study employed a qualitative phenomenological design, with data collected through 22 in-depth interviews involving producers, station management, and Islamic television personalities, supported by a focus group discussion (FGD) with four informants consisting of an Islamic TV personality, two academics in broadcasting, and senior station management, as well as field observations. Data were analyzed thematically using ATLAS.ti version 7.1, while the validity of findings was strengthened through data and method triangulation as well as informant verification (member-checking). The findings show that commodification turns Islamic content, broadcast slots, and religious personalities into commodities; structuration reflects the influence of government regulation, partisan politics, and institutional governance in shaping the identity of Islamic television; while spatialization emphasizes digital reach, audience interactivity, and narrowcasting strategies. In conclusion, the three dimensions of the political economy of media create tension between the ideals of da‘wah and the realities of commercialization, thereby demanding a more sustainable institutional–industrial balance to ensure the continuity of Islamic broadcasting in Malaysia.
Peter Mweetwa, Sami Colley, Tatiana Tombom Djassi
Power dynamics and organizational politics are central features of organizational life that shape employee attitudes, behavior, and workplace outcomes. This study investigated the relationships among expert, legitimate, and coercive power, organizational politics, perceived fairness, motivation, productivity, psychological safety, and voice behavior. Using a cross-sectional survey design, data were collected in China from 12 December 2025 to 20 March 2026 through a structured questionnaire distributed via Google Forms, WhatsApp, WeChat, and campus recruitment. A total of 312 valid responses were analyzed. The instrument consisted of 27 Likert-scale items measuring the nine constructs. Data were analyzed in Python using Google Colab. Reliability analysis showed strong internal consistency for all scales (Cronbach’s α ranging from 0.854 to 0.915). Pearson correlation results indicated that coercive power was positively associated with organizational politics (r = .496, p < .01), while expert power (r = −.228, p < .01) and legitimate power (r = −.236, p < .01) were negatively associated. Organizational politics showed significant negative correlations with perceived fairness (r = −.562), psychological safety (r = −.589), motivation (r = −.522), productivity (r = −.439), and voice behavior (r = −.518). Perceived fairness emerged as a central connecting construct across outcomes, and psychological safety displayed the strongest positive association with voice behavior (r = .682, p < .01). Multiple regression confirmed coercive power as the strongest predictor of organizational politics (β = 0.452). Mediation analysis further revealed that perceived fairness partially mediated the negative effects of organizational politics on employee outcomes (38–45% mediation). These findings highlight that the way power is exercised strongly influences the political climate and, in turn, key employee outcomes. Organizations should reduce coercive practices and build fair, competence-based, and psychologically safe environments to enhance motivation, productivity, and constructive voice.
Mohd Khairul Nizam Bin Ismail, Mohd Mohadir Harun, Noorazyla Binti Nasri
Industrial Training is a compulsory component of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Malaysian polytechnics, providing students with structured workplace exposure prior to professional employment. Despite its recognised importance, limited research has explored how pre-training perceptions collectively shape anticipated career outcomes within the Malaysian polytechnic context. This preliminary study examined the level of and relationships among three pre-training constructs — readiness and knowledge, expectations of organisational support and work environment, and concerns about Industrial Training — and their associations with expected skills and career development outcomes. A quantitative ex-post facto design was adopted, involving 33 Semester 5 students at Sultan Idris Shah Polytechnic, Selangor, Malaysia, selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using a 20-item structured questionnaire on a five-point Likert scale, adapted from established work readiness and employability frameworks. Reliability analysis produced an overall Cronbach’s alpha of .962, confirming excellent internal consistency. Descriptive findings revealed that all four constructs were rated at a very high level (M = 4.39–4.64), reflecting broadly positive pre-placement orientations. Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive relationships between all three independent variables and expected career development outcomes: readiness and knowledge (r = .661, p < .001), organisational support expectations (r = .621, p < .001), and concerns (r = .533, p = .002). Multiple regression analysis indicated that the three predictors collectively accounted for 49.6% of the variance in expected career outcomes, F(3, 26) = 8.519, p < .001, Adjusted R² = .438. Although individual predictors did not reach statistical significance, likely due to multicollinearity arising from the small sample size, the overall model remained statistically robust. These findings provide initial directional evidence that pre-training perceptions encompassing readiness, workplace expectations, and psychological concerns are meaningful early driving factors of anticipated career development pathways. Future research with larger, multi-institutional samples is recommended to confirm and extend these preliminary findings.
Kamau David Mwangi, Patrick Dan Mukhongo
The general objective of this study was to examine the influence of process integration on implementation of affordable housing construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya. This study was anchored by contingency theory and adopted cross-sectional survey research design. The target population of the study consisted of six (6) major affordable housing construction projects being implemented in Mombasa County, Kenya, and those formed the unit of analysis. The target population was considered to be appropriate because of the uniqueness and contemporary nature of the projects, given the publicity and push by the central government. Primary data was collected by use of structured questionnaires from specialist staff, consultants and contractors’ representatives who formed the unit of observation. Pilot testing was undertaken using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26, to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The study used proportionate stratified random sampling to select study respondents. The significance of the statistical model was tested through analysis of variance where beta coefficient showed the change in dependent variable for one unit change in the independent variable and assisted in drawing conclusions for the study. The study found that process integration influenced implementation of affordable housing construction projects in Mombasa County, Kenya noting that most project institutions had clear project objectives. The study recommended the adoption of process integration in implementation of affordable housing construction projects since it bridges the gap between planning and execution, reducing cost overruns and delays.
Janet Asenwa Lunayo, Kenneth Luseno Andanyi
As a component of the global cooperative system, consumer cooperatives in Kenya play a significant role in the execution of national social and economic policies. Financial institutions have adapted to change by taking advantage of the opportunities provided by information and technology. Financial innovations that are embraced by Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs) include the creation of new goods and innovative methods of product delivery to consumers. Consumer cooperatives in Kenya play a crucial role in implementing national social and economic policies, particularly through Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies (SACCOs). These financial institutions have adapted to changes by leveraging information technology to create innovative products and improve delivery methods. However, SACCOs face stiff competition from commercial banks and microfinance institutions. The study sought to investigate the relationship between financial innovations and the financial performance of SACCOs, focusing on their impact before, during, and after the pandemic. Utilizing panel data methodology, the study analyzed 45 registered Deposit Taking SACCOs in Nairobi City County from 2018 to 2022, employing secondary data to draw conclusions. The findings revealed a negative correlation between product innovations and financial performance, indicated by negative coefficients in Return on Assets (ROA). To SACCO effectiveness, the study recommends several strategies. It emphasizes the need for public education on internet banking and suggests that SACCOs develop more user-friendly, multifunctional products to better meet customer needs. Investing in information and communication technology (ICT) for process automation is also vital to streamline operations. Additionally, improving marketing techniques is essential to enhance customer experience, reduce wait times, and minimize inefficiencies. SACCOs are encouraged to adopt innovative financial strategies to boost overall productivity, profitability, and market share. The regulatory body, SASRA, should implement effective regulations and monitoring systems to support these innovations. Overall, the study highlights the importance of ongoing innovation and effective management in improving the financial performance of SACCOs within a competitive landscape.
N. D. Gunasekara
Professional ethics play a vital role in shaping the integrity, fairness, and credibility of higher education institutions. This study investigates the level of ethical awareness, confidence in ethical practice, and the challenges faced by academic staff at the Advanced Technological Institute (ATI), Gampaha. Using a quantitative research approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to lecturers across different designations and experience levels. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, factor analysis, and chi-square tests were employed to analyse respondents’ perceptions and experiences. The findings indicate that while all lecturers are familiar with professional ethics, only 44.44% reported high confidence in applying ethical principles, revealing a gap between awareness and practical implementation. Nearly half of the respondents (44.44%) had encountered ethical challenges, although statistical tests showed no significant association between ethical challenges and either designation or years of experience. A notable majority (66.67%) had not received formal ethics training, despite 77.78% expressing strong interest in such programs. Overall, the study highlights the need for structured ethics training and stronger institutional support to promote ethical decision-making and enhance academic integrity. Strengthening these areas can contribute to a more transparent, fair, and professionally responsible educational environment at ATI Gampaha.
Ayodeji Bolanle Balogun, Olufunke Adewunmi Ayegbusi
Practical work is a critical component of engineering education, yet there is a scarcity of psychometrically sound instruments to measure student attitudes toward it, especially in non-Western contexts. This study addresses this gap by developing and validating a new instrument, the Engineering Students’ Attitudes Toward Practical Work (ESAPW) questionnaire, within the Nigerian higher education system. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a multidimensional instrument to measure the attitudes of engineering students toward practical work in Nigeria, and to identify the key factors that shape these attitudes. A cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data from 338 engineering students at a large Nigerian polytechnic. The 30-item ESAPW questionnaire was developed through a rigorous process of item generation, expert review, and pilot testing. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to identify the underlying factor structure of the instrument, and Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess its reliability. The EFA revealed a clear four-factor structure, explaining 69.8% of the total variance: (1) Instructor Quality and Pedagogical Effectiveness (42.9%), (2) Resource Adequacy and Institutional Support (15.2%), (3) Learning Environment and Atmosphere (6.6%), and (4) Student Self-Efficacy and Engagement (5.4%). The overall reliability of the instrument was excellent (α = 0.931), and the subscales also showed high reliability (α = 0.78-0.96). The ESAPW questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring engineering students’ attitudes toward practical work in the Nigerian context. The findings highlight the primacy of instructor quality in shaping student attitudes, while also underscoring the importance of resource adequacy, the learning environment, and student self-efficacy. The instrument provides a valuable tool for educators, researchers, and policymakers to assess and improve the quality of practical work in engineering education.
Mohsena Akter
Teacher professional development (PD) is widely regarded as important for enhancing the quality of teaching, yet its influence on day-to-day classroom work in Bangladesh is inconsistent. This study investigates how primary teachers understand the training they receive and how far they are able to use it in their regular lessons. The study followed a qualitative approach and drew on semi-structured interviews with ten teachers alongside twenty-five classroom observations in government primary schools across urban and semi-urban settings. The findings indicate that PD encourages teachers to plan lessons more deliberately, focus more clearly on learning objectives, experiment with interactive strategies, manage classrooms more confidently, and use formative assessment more regularly. Even so, the extent to which these practices appear in classrooms varies from teacher to teacher. Large class sizes, limited teaching resources, pressure to cover the curriculum, and the absence of structured follow-up support often make it difficult for teachers to apply what they learned during training. Many teachers also remarked that PD sessions tend to describe ideal situations that do not match the realities they face. The study suggests that although PD strengthens pedagogical awareness, its impact depends on continuous guidance, supportive school conditions, and training models that reflect the actual context of primary classrooms. Bringing together teachers’ reflections with observed practice, the study points to the need for school-based professional learning, collaborative support, and practical follow-up processes to narrow the gap between training and classroom implementation.
Amor B. Malayang, Lolita A. Dulay, PhD
This action research is an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of the readers’ club as a tool in reducing aliteracy in Kiburiao National High School for the school year 2025-2026. The action research aims to describe the traits displayed by the alliterate learners before and after the implementation of the Readers’ Club, in terms of reading interest, reading habit, factors affecting the learners’ reading engagement, engagement in social media platforms, and learners’ perception on their reading and their own reading habit and determine the difference in traits of the alliterate learners after joining the Readers’ Club. The research was conducted from the first quarter of the school year 2025-2026 from June to August 2025. It was participated by the different grade level learners from grade 7 to grade 12. The 30 participants were chosen through simple random sampling. The data were collected through survey questionnaire before and after the implementation of the readers’ club. The researchers analyzed the quantitative data using descriptive statistics including percentage, mean, and frequency to determine the aliteracy traits of the learners before and after the implementation of the readers’ club. Paired t-test and chi-square were utilized to determine the difference in the aliteracy traits of the learners exhibited after joining the readers’ club. The research findings showed that there was not much of improvement in reading motivation of the alliterates. Learners exhibited high level of engagement on Social Media platforms as well as online and offline games before and after implementation of the readers’ club. Though reading habits increased with the learners read for 30 minutes twice a week, but the time spent reading remained moderate with no learners read more than two (2) hours. After the implementation of the readers’ club, learners’ perception demonstrated a more positive attitude signifying that the club made every reading session engaging and accessible as more learners were open to reading.
Technics Ikechi Nwosu
Civic responsibility in Africa has historically been conceived through the moral and political frameworks of participatory democracy, legal consciousness, and community ethics. However, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) demands a radical reimagination of what it means to be a civic actor on the African continent. The emerging paradigm, represented by the Child-Author Development Programme (CADP), positions scientific literacy and technological creativity as essential civic competences. This reconceptualization transforms civic engagement into a domain of scientific problem-solving, technological stewardship, and knowledge-based innovation. Within this framework, civic virtue is no longer measured solely by one’s political participation but by one’s capacity to produce knowledge, innovate technologies, and mobilize science for social transformation. This paper advances a theoretical expansion of civic responsibility through the lens of Science, Technology, and Society (STS) studies, proposing Scientific Leadership as a new civic identity for Africa’s emerging citizens. It analyzes the CADP model as a decolonial civic pedagogy that unites African Science Fiction, technological nationalism, and civic education to cultivate scientific consciousness in children and adolescents. By situating CADP within Africa’s epistemic struggle for technological independence, the paper argues that civic education must evolve beyond governance instruction to become an intellectual infrastructure for Africa’s scientific sovereignty. In redefining civic responsibility as scientific leadership, CADP models an indigenous civic-educational framework for Africa’s 21st-century renaissance.
Hoang Thi Thu Huyen, Nguyen Thi Hien
In the contemporary development context, sustainable development is no longer viewed merely as a policy goal of a guiding nature; rather, it has become an intrinsic requirement of the organization and functioning of the national economy. In Vietnam, alongside the significant achievements of the renovation process, development practice has also generated an imperative to further reform economic institutions in order to address bottlenecks in resource allocation, improve the quality of growth, ensure social progress, and strengthen adaptive capacity in the face of environmental, technological, and international integration challenges. Against this backdrop, the article focuses on clarifying the role of economic institutions in sustainable development, while also analyzing the historical context that has given rise to the need for economic institutional reform in contemporary Vietnam. On that basis, it assesses the current state of economic institutional reform within Vietnam’s sustainable development strategy and proposes several solutions for further improving economic institutions in a coherent, modern, and effective manner, consistent with the country’s objective of achieving rapid and sustainable development.
Marilou D. Junsay, Teresita Q. Adriano
Effective functional literacy instruction for learners with atypical language development is strengthened by deliberately integrating core teaching strategies that enhance accessibility, engagement, and meaningful learning outcomes. Employing a qualitative single case study design, this study explored the practices of five purposively selected special education teachers from Central Elementary School Special Education Centers in the Davao Region, with five master teachers serving as key informants for triangulation. Data gathered through in-depth and key informant interviews revealed that teachers consistently implement essential strategies, including multisensory, scaffolded, differentiated, communication-oriented, and functional curriculum-based instruction. These findings underscore that effective functional literacy instruction is grounded in the consistent and purposeful application of these core strategies, enabling more responsive, inclusive, and meaningful learning experiences for learners with atypical language development.
Ahmad Farid Abd Jalal, Arieff Salleh Rosman, Rahimin Affandi Abd Rahim
This study critiques the dominance of colonial archival frameworks in museological institutions in the Malay world, which often present historical narratives in a linear manner while marginalizing the intellectual foundations of Islamic civilization in the region. Although decolonization movements are increasingly gaining traction, their approaches are frequently limited to issues of representational inclusivity without fundamentally restructuring the underlying Eurocentric epistemological frameworks. In response, this article advances the concept of sanad (the chain of knowledge transmission) as an epistemic counter-archive for reconstructing museum curatorial practices. Sanad is demonstrated not merely as a sequence of historical names, but as an integrated intellectual infrastructure that binds together core Islamic disciplines—such as law (fiqh), theology (‘aqidah), and spirituality (tasawwuf)—into a coherent, authoritative, and authentic system of knowledge. Employing a qualitative methodology that combines contemporary museological analysis with the Islamic intellectual tradition, this study takes the Pahang State Museum as its primary case study, examining the potential integration of key historical documents such as the Hukum Kanun Pahang into a sanad-based narrative framework. The findings indicate that the application of sanad has the capacity to shift museum storytelling from a colonial-centered administrative chronology toward a relational mapping of knowledge networks, foregrounding the role of scholars (ulama) as the principal agents in the construction of civilization. In conclusion, the development of a sanad-based curatorial model not only functions as an empirical instrument to challenge distortions in European historiography, but also offers a new paradigm for modern cultural institutions. This model ensures that the historical identity of local communities is understood and appreciated within an autonomous Islamic epistemological framework, free from Western hegemonic influence.
Ibrahim Alkali
This study examines the effectiveness of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) programmes in post-insurgency North-East Nigeria, with a specific focus on Borno State. Against the backdrop of the Boko Haram insurgency and increasing defections of ex-combatants, the study investigates the extent to which DDR initiatives have facilitated sustainable reintegration, identifies key factors contributing to relapse into insurgency, and evaluates community perceptions of reintegration efforts. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was adopted, involving 276 respondents drawn from community members, government officials, and NGO practitioners. Data were collected using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings reveal that DDR programmes have achieved moderate success in facilitating reintegration, particularly in skills acquisition and behavioural transformation. However, significant challenges persist, especially in economic sustainability and community acceptance. Poverty and unemployment emerged as the most significant drivers of relapse, followed by social stigma and inadequate programme support. Regression analysis further indicates that institutional capacity significantly influences DDR effectiveness, while community perception, though important, is not statistically significant. The study concludes that while DDR programmes contribute to short-term stability, their long-term effectiveness depends on addressing underlying socio-economic vulnerabilities and strengthening community engagement. It recommends a more integrated, community-based, and development-oriented approach to DDR implementation in Nigeria.
Adewunmi F. Ayo-Vaughan, Mary O. Oyebade, Nneka C. Anueyiagu
This study assessed the factors of teacher preparedness and government policy support in order to examine the relationship between effective implementation and utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and promoting quality education among teacher educators in Delta State. Adopting a descriptive survey research design, the study targeted all teacher educators in Delta State public secondary schools, comprising junior and senior secondary levels, with a population of 14,000 educators. Using purposive sampling, Delta State was selected for its suitability in examining technology utilization in secondary schools, and a sample size of 2,640 teachers was drawn. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire titled “Implementation and Utilization of Artificial Intelligence among Teacher Educators Questionnaire (IUAITEQ).” Descriptive statistical tools such as frequency counts, mean scores, and standard deviation were used for analysis, while hypotheses were tested using the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). The findings reveal critical gaps in teacher preparedness in AI utilization and government policies that supports the need for AI implementation. Recommendations include providing comprehensive AI-related pre-service and in-service training for educators. Furthermore, partnerships between educational institutions and technology firms are encouraged to improve access to AI tools and expertise thereby improving the quality of teaching and learning experiences.
Nur Azmina Paslan, Siti Hajar Mohd Esah
This study examines the levels of self-esteem, burnout, and psychological well-being among guidance and counseling teachers in the Johor Bahru district. It also investigates the relationships between self-esteem and psychological well-being, as well as between burnout and psychological well-being among school counselors. A quantitative research design employing a full population sampling technique was used, involving 100 guidance and counseling teachers serving in schools across the Johor Bahru district. Data were collected using three validated instruments administered in their Malay-language versions: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES, α = .89), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, α = .91), and the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB, α = .88). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical procedures to determine the levels and relationships among the study variables. The findings indicate that the levels of self-esteem (M = 2.170, SD = .378), burnout (M = 2.070, SD = .781), and psychological well-being (M = 2.230, SD = .468) among the teachers were at a moderate level. Correlational analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and psychological well-being (r = .762), and a significant negative relationship between burnout and psychological well-being (r = −.732). These results indicate that higher self-esteem is associated with greater psychological well-being, while higher burnout corresponds with lower levels of psychological well-being. The study highlights the importance of strengthening self-esteem and implementing effective burnout management strategies among guidance and counseling teachers. The findings provide practical insights for school administrators and relevant stakeholders in designing targeted intervention programs, psychological support initiatives, and stress management strategies aimed at enhancing the well-being and professional effectiveness of school counselors. The findings support theoretical perspectives in educational psychology and counselor well-being, highlighting self-esteem as a psychological resource that enhances well-being, while burnout functions as a detrimental occupational stress factor. The results suggest the need for institutional strategies that strengthen counselors’ self-esteem and reduce burnout through targeted psychological support, resilience training, and stress management programs within school systems.
David Kariuki, Kene Mothabane, Susan Ngunu
Research on academic achievement has shown a global decline in performance. A similar trend is evident in the North East region of Botswana, where form five students have experienced a drop in academic outcomes. This poor performance has led to many students missing opportunities to progress to tertiary institutions for further studies. Consequently, this study sought to examine the relationship between students’ sense of belonging and academic performance among form five students in the North East region of Botswana. The study was anchored in the self-determination theory proposed by Deci and Ryan (2000). A correlational research design using a quantitative approach was adopted. The target population consisted of 2,632 form five students drawn from all three public senior secondary schools, while the sample included 407 students from these schools. Sampling techniques applied were purposive sampling, proportionate stratified sampling, and simple random sampling. Data collection instruments included the Psychological Sense of School Membership Scale (PSSMS) developed by Goodenow (1993) and students’ academic records. Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Version 25. Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis was used to test the hypotheses at a significance level of 0.05. The findings indicated that students’ sense of belonging (r = .289, p < .001) had a significant positive correlation with academic performance. Based on these findings, it is recommended that teachers and counsellors foster collaborative learning environments through structured group projects and mentorship programs that deliberately encourage positive peer relationships and support academic collaboration among students.
Fr. Jaime Del Rosario, OMI, Laurence Nichol B. Bedia, Recris C. Alsola
This study investigates whether remembering and forgiving can be elevated as categorical imperatives under Kantian ethics. Philosophical discourse usually describes remembering and forgiving as interpretative, therapeutic, or social actions; however, their status as universal moral obligations is not clearly explained. This research aims to provide a synthesis based on the philosophical views of Paul Ricoeur and Immanuel Kant, demonstrating how remembering and forgiving can serve as categorical imperatives grounded in human dignity. Ricoeur’s hermeneutic approach perceives remembering and forgiving as ethical actions grounded in narrative identity, acknowledgment of suffering, and the opportunity for moral renewal. Still, his framework primarily maintains an interpretive and descriptive perspective. Kant’s deontological ethics, on the other hand, proposes a normative framework through the categorical imperative, establishing moral duty in reason and moral law. This study employs a philosophical methodology, specifically conceptual analysis and a dialectic approach to examine the ethical tensions and convergences between these two philosophical traditions. The research demonstrates that human dignity represents the key ethical principle for the integration of Ricoeur’s hermeneutic perspective with Kant’s deontological framework. This synthesis contends that remembering provides a moral obligation that protects truth, justice, and dignity of victims, while forgiving is described as an imperfect duty that enables reconciliation and healing. By positioning these ethical actions in human dignity, the study contributes to philosophical discourse by giving a synthesized normative ethical framework for addressing the moral issues created by historical injustices and collective tragedies.
Carl Vincent B. Cowas, James L. Paglinawan
This study examined the influence of resource allocation and collaborative learning expertise on the data-driven decision-making competency of basic education teachers in Kibawe, Bukidnon during the school year 2025–2026. A descriptive-correlational design was used with 302 teachers from public and private schools. Data were analyzed using mean, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression, with additional diagnostics to ensure model validity. Findings showed high levels across all variables, with significant relationships observed. Collaborative learning expertise demonstrated a stronger association (r = .853) compared to resource allocation (r = .570). Regression results revealed that supportive structures and shared professional practices significantly predict competency. However, the consistently high mean scores suggest possible social desirability bias. The study highlights the importance of collaborative professional environments in strengthening teachers’ data use. It contributes to the growing literature on data-driven decision-making by emphasizing the role of organizational learning in basic education contexts.
Hariana, Rahmatiah, Trifandi Lasalewo
This study aims to analyze the development of fashion trends in Indonesia to see the aspects that influence developments in the fashion world. The method used in this study is data triangulation techniques by integrating the results of literature studies and interview data with a qualitative approach. Study materials from relevant Scopus, EBSCO, and Copernicus indexed journals published between 2020 and 2025. The analysis technique uses content analysis. The number of articles reviewed is 18 articles, and there are several supporting articles in analyzing the problems in this study. The State-of-the-Art research based on Reputable Scientific publications (2020–2025) is expected to provide an overview of aspects that need attention in the development of the fashion world. The results of the study show that Indonesian fashion trends are influenced by digitalization, local culture, the lifestyle of the younger generation, and sustainability. Phenomena such as fast fashion, thrifting, modest fashion, and the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence are the main drivers of industry change. In addition, psychological factors such as Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) and the influence of social media play an important role in fashion choices. The research results show that Indonesian fashion trends are evolving as a hybrid between global modernity and local identity.
Ahmad Sunawari Long, Saipuddin Mohamad
Malay Muslim political leadership has been a pivotal force in shaping Malaysia’s national identity, socio-political structure, and governance. This study examines its historical evolution, guiding principles, and contemporary challenges through a qualitative documentary approach. Drawing on constitutional provisions, political party documents, and scholarly sources, it identifies core Islamic leadership values namely amanah (trust), `adl (justice), shura (consultation), hikmah (wisdom) and wassatiyyah (moderation). Historically, this leadership served as a stabilizing bridge between ethnicity, religion, and governance. Today, however, it faces fragmentation, integrity crises, ideological disputes, and global pressures. The study proposes a renewed, value-based leadership model rooted in Islamic ethics and democratic inclusivity, contributing to ongoing debates on political Islam and governance.
Dan Mangoki, Eimylyn, Shintia Parewang, Yizrel Nani Sallata
Aluk Pare represents a traditional Torajan agrarian belief system governing all stages of rice cultivation, from land preparation to post-harvest rituals. It embeds moral and ethical values such as hard work, cooperation, responsibility, and respect for nature. However, modernization and lifestyle changes have eroded these values, weakening farmers’ work ethic and character. This study aims to (1) identify character values embedded in Aluk Pare relevant to farmers’ character formation; (2) design and implement a revitalization model of these values in modern agricultural practices; and (3) evaluate the model’s impact on farmers’ behavioral transformation in North Toraja. Using a Participatory Action Research approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focus group discussions with farmers and cultural leaders. Qualitative analysis followed Miles & Huberman’s model. Results reveal that revitalizing Aluk Pare strengthens farmers’ responsibility, discipline, cooperation, and ecological obedience. The culture-based training enhanced farmers’ ecological awareness and social solidarity. Hence, revitalization of local wisdom functions not only as cultural preservation but also as an effective character education strategy supporting sustainable agriculture in North Toraja.
Chalco Bravo F., De la Cruz Montes D, De la Cruz Montoya David, Lopez Almeida M, Lopez Galan E., Ramos Vasquez A.
Risk management is vital in any organization, as the proper identification, assessment, and mitigation of potential impacts can ensure business continuity and sustainability. It is necessary to identify and control threats that arise in the company’s day-to-day operations in a timely manner; therefore, this study aims to establish the relationship between risk management and operational continuity at a poultry company in Villa El Salvador, Lima, Peru. A quantitative, correlational, and cross-sectional approach was employed. The dimensions of risk management were evaluated to determine the company’s ability to maintain stable operations in the face of adverse events. Duly validated and structured questionnaires were administered to a representative sample, and the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The findings indicated significant positive correlations between operational continuity and each of the dimensions of risk management. More specifically, risk assessments proved to be the dimension most positively correlated (r = 0.888, p = 0.000), followed by risk identification (r = 0.878, p = 0.000). These findings justify the need to emphasize processes for managing risks in a more structured and standardized manner, such as those prescribed by the International Standards ISO 31000 and ISO 22301. It was concluded that special attention must be paid to how risks are managed, as this is critical to the company’s growth and sustainability.
Dagba, B. J, Ekpah, M, Inyommom, A. E, James, A. J.
The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has emerged as a critical strategy for enhancing institutional performance, reputation, and competitiveness. In Nigeria, universities face increasing pressure to improve research output, operational efficiency, and stakeholder engagement, all of which influence national and international ranking. This study examines the role of AI in analysing and monitoring the reputation and ranking of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, with the objective of assessing the effect of AI tools for data analysis and performance monitoring on university ranking and the extent to which AI-driven reputation and sentiment analysis influences stakeholders’ perceptions. The study is anchored on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which posits that perceived usefulness and ease of use determine the adoption of technology and its subsequent impact on organisational outcomes. A documentary research design was adopted, utilizing secondary data including administrative records, published ranking reports, AI implementation documents, and stakeholder feedback from 2019 to 2024. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative insights from reports were subjected to thematic content analysis. Findings indicate that AI adoption has significantly improved research productivity, administrative efficiency, and national ranking, demonstrating a positive relationship between AI tools and institutional performance metrics. Similarly, AI-based reputation and sentiment analysis enhanced stakeholder perception, with measurable improvements in student satisfaction, alumni engagement, and public/media sentiment, resulting in a strengthened institutional reputation. Based on these findings, the study recommends sustained investment in AI infrastructure, capacity-building initiatives for staff, and the implementation of comprehensive AI-driven reputation management systems to optimise institutional performance and stakeholder engagement. The study concludes that AI is a strategic tool for advancing both tangible outcomes such as ranking and intangible outcomes such as reputation in Nigerian universities.
Maria Cristina S. Dela Cerna, Mikee Jean M. Pontevedra
This study examined the extent of implementation of School Learning Action Cell (SLAC) practices in indigenous schools, focusing on five key dimensions: assessing teachers’ needs, providing coaching and mentoring, supporting the teaching and learning process, facilitating evaluation and feedback, and availability of resources. Utilizing a quantitative descriptive design, data were gathered from teachers and teacher-in-charge respondents to determine the level of SLAC implementation as a school-based professional learning mechanism. Findings revealed that SLAC practices were generally often implemented, with an overall mean of 3.76, indicating that SLAC functions as an active platform for collaborative professional development and instructional improvement. Among the dimensions, assessing teachers’ needs and supporting the teaching and learning process emerged as the most strongly implemented practices, suggesting that SLAC sessions effectively address classroom challenges and promote context-responsive pedagogy, particularly in culturally diverse and indigenous learning environments. However, relatively lower ratings were observed in coaching and mentoring, as well as resource availability, indicating gaps in structured professional support and access to instructional materials. These limitations may hinder the full realization of SLAC as a transformative professional learning community. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening mentoring systems, enhancing resource provision, and reinforcing leadership support to maximize the impact of SLAC. Overall, the study underscores the role of SLAC as a sustainable and context-sensitive strategy for fostering teacher collaboration, reflective practice, and continuous instructional improvement in resource-constrained educational settings.
Oladunni Philip Adesiji, Paul Sonayon Seyi-Gbangbayau, Prof. Mufutau Oluwakemi Oriola
Sculptural artifacts are visual embodiments of cultural memory, identity, and creativity. They are veritable means of visual story-telling and cultural narratives, particularly in indigenous movies. However, many of these tangible heritages face threats of destruction from rapid urban expansion, natural disasters, neglect, and the deliberate actions of man. In Nigeria, particularly within Yoruba communities of Southwest, several sculptures that once defined communal spaces have disappeared due to modern construction, weathering, and commercialisation. This paper argued that indigenous Yoruba movies could serve as alternative platforms for documenting and preserving the endangered sculptural forms. Through the creative integration of sculptural props, filmmakers would not only enrich visual storytelling but also immortalise sculpture, which is fading as a means of preserving cultural heritage. The paper adopted a theoretical discourse approach, emphasizing interpretive analysis that drew insights from Cultural Memory Theory, complemented by a newly formulated Artefact Cinematic Bridge Theory. The theories postulated that sculptural props are mediators between tangible cultural heritage and cinematic expressions. The study established the communicative and creative roles of sculptural props as vehicles for cultural preservation, documentation, and promotion in indigenous Yoruba movies. It advocated for the strategic inclusion, archiving, and scholarly documentation of sculptural elements in Yoruba movies as tools for sustaining Nigeria’s artistic and cultural continuity amid urban and environmental transformations.
Abdul Bello Kagara, Bala Maik Mohammed, Binni Danjuma Beji, Opeyemi Oladapo Alawode, Stephen Musa, Wahab Bamidele Kareem
Carpenters and joiners form a significant segment of the workforce in the building industry. They are often among the first to arrive at construction sites and the last to leave, as they are involved in various stages of construction, from setting out building layouts to finishing works. The construction sector is currently experiencing rapid transformation due to emerging technologies in tools, materials, and processes, particularly in the area of digitalisation. This development necessitates a reassessment of traditional skill requirements. In addition, the introduction of new technologies has led to the continuous evolution of safety standards and regulations. This study therefore examined the skill needs of carpenters and joiners for the construction of smart buildings in Niger State, Nigeria. The population of 362 construction professionals (128 registered architects, 94 engineers, and 140 carpenters and joiners) were targeted for the study. 188 respondents were selected and used for the study. Data were collected using the Carpentry and Joinery Skills Instrument for Smart Buildings (CJSISB), administered in collaboration with registered professionals through a Google Scholar-based application. The instrument recorded a reliability index of 0.85, established using test-retest and Cronbach’s alpha statistics. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while one-way ANOVA was employed to test two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance using IBM SPSS version 26. Findings from the study on skills required for the use of structural insulated panels by carpenters and joiners in smart building construction revealed that nine skills were needed, with mean scores ranging from 3.69 to 3.93. The overall grand mean of 3.37 fell within the decision range of 2.50–3.49, indicating that all identified skills were considered necessary for the effective use of structural insulated panels in smart building construction. Based on these findings, it was recommended that government and relevant stakeholders in the construction industry should establish targeted training programmes aimed at enhancing knowledge and practical skills in the use of structural insulated panels and recycled materials for smart building construction among carpenters and joiners.
Musibau O. Ogundeji, Nicodemus, Gilbert Fiberesima
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) form the very base upon which the big business organizations are built and they have proved to be a major tool adopted by the developed nations to attain socio-economic development. Most of the previous studies focused primarily on financial aspects such as bank credit, financing options, or investment levels when assessing the impact of SMEs on economic growth. This study investigates the roles of non-financial factors such as employment in service, export, or regulatory frameworks in shaping the relationship between SMEs and economic growth. The study employed historical research design using secondary time series data on GDP annual growth rate and export (% GDP), employment in service (% of total employment), service value added (% GDP), et cetera,. Ordinary least square estimation technique was used. The data were subjected to pre-estimations and statistical evaluations. Findings revealed that the short – run dynamic regression of the model indicates that in the short run, the coefficient of export in the current and lagged values are negatively signed and the lagged export variable is statistically significant. The coefficient for employment in service is positively signed in the current and negatively signed in their respected lagged year but not statistically significant, suggesting that they may not have a significant impact on economic growth. The coefficient for service value added current value is negatively related to gross domestic product, and is statistically significant. In the long run, the coefficient for export is positively related to Gross domestic product and very significant. The coefficient for employment in services is positively but not significant. The coefficient for service value added is negatively related to Gross domestic product but insignificant. The study therefore concludes that SMEs are engine of economic growth. The study therefore recommends that government provide financial access to SMEs in order to increase domestic economic activities that will spur exports, so as to achieve increase in employment and spur further economic development
Maria Cristina C. Tagle, Sally P. Genuino, Sanny E. Lopez Jr
This action research evaluated the effectiveness of the SMART-ARAL Program as a math intervention for Grade 11 non-numerate learners at Luis Y. Ferrer Jr. Senior High School. The objectives were to measure proficiency before and after the intervention, assess improvement, identify challenges, and suggest program improvements. A quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design was used. Twenty-six learners were purposively selected from the TVL and HUMSS strands. The six-week intervention used modules, peer tutoring, guided practice, and weekly tests. Quantitative data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, and paired-sample t-tests. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were analyzed thematically. Results showed mean scores rose from 6.96 (pretest) to 19.85 (posttest). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant increase in the score, with a large effect size (Cohen’s d = 3.13), reflecting improved numeracy. Challenges included time constraints, limited resources, inconsistent attendance, learning gaps, and external barriers. The study concludes that SMART-ARAL is an effective, structured mathematics remediation program. The following recommendations are made: (1) Implement the SMART-ARAL program at all grade levels where students require mathematics remediation; (2) Increase the length and number of intervention sessions to address learning gaps more thoroughly; (3) Provide additional funding for instructional materials and professional development for teachers involved in the program; (4) Integrate interactive and adaptive teaching methods, such as technology-assisted lessons and individualized practice, to cater to diverse learner needs; and (5) Conduct future studies using larger participant groups and track students’ progress over extended periods to strengthen the evidence on program efficacy.
Galang, Dandee N., Narciso, Andrei Rosewell A., Navarra Lech Walesa M., Ocampo, Clarence S., Valencia, Jessie Gerald N
Smartphone-based fundus imaging (SBFI) has emerged as a cost-effective and portable alternative to conventional fundus cameras, particularly in low-resource and underserved areas. Traditional retinal imaging systems are often expensive, bulky, and require trained specialists, limiting access to early detection of diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Although smartphones offer a practical solution due to their accessibility and compatibility with telemedicine, challenges remain in terms of image quality, standardization, and the applicability of artificial intelligence (AI) models. This study utilized a systematic review and gap analysis of existing literature on smartphone-based fundus imaging. Relevant studies were collected from electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and selected Philippine medical journals. A purposive sampling approach was applied to select studies focusing on SBFI systems, imaging techniques, and AI applications. Data were extracted using a standardized format and analyzed through descriptive and thematic methods to identify patterns, performance outcomes, and research gaps. The findings show that SBFI can achieve diagnostic performance comparable to conventional fundus cameras, with several studies reporting high sensitivity and specificity in detecting retinal diseases. Low-cost imaging solutions, such as 3D-printed adapters and handheld lenses, demonstrated feasibility in both clinical and community settings. However, variability in image quality, limited field of view, and dependence on operator skill were consistently observed. Most studies relied on manual grading, with limited use of AI for automated analysis. Key barriers include lack of standardized imaging protocols, inconsistent image quality, and limited validation of AI models for smartphone images. SBFI is a promising tool for expanding retinal screening in low-resource settings. However, improvements in image standardization, AI adaptability, and implementation strategies are necessary to support wider adoption.
Kus Hanna Rahmi, Shafa Salsabila Rahmadina, Tyo Hendryan
The increasing use of social media among students has generated multifaceted impacts on mental health, particularly under conditions of excessive exposure (Over-Exposure). A growing body of empirical and review evidence indicates that intensive and uncontrolled social media use is consistently associated with heightened anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, low self-esteem, body image distortion, cyberbullying, and declining academic performance—outcomes that are mediated not only by exposure intensity but also by students' limited capacity for emotional regulation, adaptive coping, and responsible digital decision-making. This systematic literature review aims to critically examine the role of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) as a protective mechanism against the negative psychological impacts of social media Over-Exposure on students' mental health. A systematic search was conducted across three databases—Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science—using predefined keywords and covering publications from 2019 to 2025. Guided by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) procedures, a total of 57 records were initially retrieved, with 13 articles meeting the established inclusion criteria. Critical synthesis of the findings reveals that SEL consistently contributes to improvements in emotional regulation, self-awareness, empathy, psychological resilience, and adaptive coping skills, thereby reducing the risk of mental health problems associated with excessive social media exposure. Notably, studies diverge in their explanations of the psychological mechanisms involved: whereas some emphasize rumination and cognitive overload as key mediators, others highlight threat appraisal and coping capacity as central processes. A conceptual framework is proposed to illustrate how SEL functions as a multilevel protective system within the digital context. These findings support the systematic integration of SEL into school curricula as an evidence-based preventive strategy to promote students' mental health and digital well-being in the contemporary era.
Dr. (Mrs.) N. P. Ogbuokiri, Eke Ifeoma
The study investigated Social Factors as Predictor of Premarital sex among Secondary School Adolescents in South-East in Nigeria. One research question guided the study and one hypothesis were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study employed a correlational survey design as the study sought to investigate relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The population of the study comprised 78,740 senior secondary school (SS II) students in the 1,230 public secondary schools in South East States of Nigeria. The sample for the study was two thousand four hundred and forty-one (2,441) students selected using stratified random sampling techniques. A researcher developed questionnaire titled “Social Factors Questionnaire (SFQ) and premarital sex Questionnaire (PSQ) was used for the study and was validated by three lecturers from the Department of Psychological Foundations Facility of Education, Abia State University, Uturu. The instrument yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.91 which implied that the instrument was reliable for the study. Research question was answered using simple linear regression, while t-test statistics associated with regression analysis was used to test hypotheses at 0,05 level of significance. The findings from the study reveal among others that family structure predicts premarital sex to a high extent among secondary school adolescent. Again, the corresponding hypotheses show that family structure significantly predicts adolescent involvement in premarital sex in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among other things that schools should educate parents aboutadolescent’s development, communication, and how their attitudes, values influence their children sexual behaviour.
Alia Nadira Rosle, Farrah Nadia Baharuddin
The emergence of social media in today’s dynamic business environment has triggered the transformation of marketing communication strategies in business sectors, including the cosmetics sector. The 21st century has witnessed the rise of social media influencers into becoming powerful opinion leaders capable of influencing consumers’ perceptions and purchase decisions. But there is limited research on influencer characteristics that shape favourable brand perceptions and drive purchase intention particularly in the cosmetics sector in Malaysia. This conceptual study is grounded in the Source Credibility Theory, Human Brand Theory, and Stimulus-Organism-Response model, proposing a new model for explaining the influence of social media influencer characteristics on brand image and brand trust, subsequently leading to purchase intention. The proposed framework contributes to the extant literature on social media marketing by integrating psychological and branding perspectives to better understand the impact of influencer endorsement in the field of consumer behaviour. Managerial implications for local cosmetic brands targeting Generation Z consumers are also discussed.
Rabson Iniobong Cletus
Tax avoidance among multinational corporations in Nigeria remains a critical issue due to persistent challenges such as aggressive tax planning, equity-based executive incentives, and limited regulatory oversight. This study examines the relationship between Stock Options (SO) and Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIP) on tax avoidance in Nigerian-listed multinational corporations. Using panel data from 31 multinational corporations listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group, spanning from 2010 to 2024, this study employs Panel EGLS with cross-section weights using E-Views 12 statistical software. The findings reveal that Stock Options (SO) have a negative but significant effect on tax avoidance, indicating that higher option-based pay incentivizes tax avoidance, while Long-Term Incentive Plans (LTIP) have a positive but insignificant effect, suggesting no meaningful influence on tax planning. The study recommends that Nigerian regulatory authorities, particularly the SEC and FRCN, should mandate enhanced annual disclosures of stock option grants and exercise details while requiring listed multinational corporations to link a meaningful portion of LTIP vesting to verifiable tax compliance and minimum effective tax rate thresholds, with clawback provisions for non-compliance, to curb incentive-driven tax avoidance without compromising long-term alignment.
Beverly I. Villegas, Genevie I. Villegas, Jemuel I. Villegas, Joy B. Araza, Rezy V. Mendaño
Teaching in remote upland schools involves persistent challenges such as geographical isolation, limited resources, and restricted access; however, many teachers continue to demonstrate sustained commitment. This qualitative narrative inquiry examined how teachers in remote upland schools in the Catbalogan City Division construct commitment, cope with challenges, and sustain hope and professional fulfillment. Thirteen public elementary school teachers participated in in-depth interviews, and data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis. Findings identified four interrelated themes: teaching as a calling grounded in service and moral responsibility, learners as emotional and moral anchors of commitment, hardship and isolation as normalized conditions, and coping through faith, positivity, creativity, and community support. Hope was derived from incremental learner progress, while professional fulfillment was associated with personal and professional identity development characterized by resilience, confidence, and purpose. The study concludes that teachers’ commitment and hope in remote upland schools are relational, moral, and identity-driven rather than dependent solely on material conditions, highlighting the need for educational support systems that address both structural and psycho-social dimensions of teaching in geographically isolated and disadvantaged contexts.
Maradoni Louisse A. Ambrad
The increasing emphasis on student-centered quality assurance in higher education necessitates systematic evaluation of academic programs, particularly in technology-oriented disciplines. This study assesses student satisfaction within the Bachelor of Science in Computer Science (BSCS) Department of North Negros College, Inc., focusing on curriculum, facilities, and faculty performance as key determinants of academic productivity and service quality. Grounded in established Information Systems and organizational performance frameworks—including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Task–Technology Fit (TTF), and the DeLone and McLean Information Systems Success Model—the study examines how instructional delivery, learning infrastructure, and program design influence overall student experience. A descriptive-evaluative design was employed using survey data from 105 students out of a total population of 331 (31.72% response rate). The instrument demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach’s α = .966). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, subgroup comparisons, and multiple regression modeling. Results indicate consistently high satisfaction across domains, with faculty performance emerging as the strongest predictor of overall satisfaction (β = .680, p < .001), followed by facilities (β = .202, p < .05), while curriculum showed no significant predictive effect when controlling for other variables. Findings suggest that while the department has achieved functional effectiveness in delivering academic services, its performance is shaped by contextual factors such as instructional quality and infrastructure adequacy. The study offers evidence-based recommendations for targeted improvements in faculty development, facility enhancement, and curriculum alignment to support sustained institutional growth and competitiveness.
M.S.F.Safiyya, R.Vijayatheepan
In the 21st century, as Information and Communication Technology stands as a fundamental pillar of education, employment, and social progress, the attitude of Advanced Level students toward the General Information Technology (GIT) subject directly determines their academic performance and future career opportunities. This study was conducted based on descriptive survey and mixed-method research approaches. From a population of 202 Grade 12 students studying in four Tamil-medium schools (Type 1AB and 1C) in the Beruwala Zone, 112 students were selected as a sample based on the Morgan Table. For data collection, questionnaires were used for students and teachers, while interviews were conducted with parents. The collected quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software, and qualitative data were analyzed through thematic analysis. The attitudes of students toward the GIT subject are significantly influenced by student-related factors such as personal interest, technical skills, learning motivation, and the progress and barriers to learning GIT ; school-related factors such as teaching methods, resources, teacher support, technology usage, and the lack of technical training and guidance for teachers; and parent-related factors including parental encouragement, technological facilities at home, gender discrimination, and GIT usage. Furthermore, it is confirmed that fluctuations in past GIT examination results, external circumstances, and educational system challenges have also impacted students' attitudes. The study emphasizes the necessity of teaching strategies, educational resource development, and parental awareness to improve students' positive attitudes toward the GIT subject. This research is expected to serve as a foundation for educational planning, policy formulation, and future studies, while providing a useful contribution to the development of GIT skills among Advanced Level students and the country's human resource development. This study recommends that various measures be taken at different levels to address these issues
Hazrati Binti Yahaya, Ibrahim Youssef Abdelhamid, Nur Syuhaidah, Ragab Ibrahim Ahmed Awad
This study examines students’ perceptions of learning Arabic grammar through the Tanwir Lughah Language Enhancement Program at Universiti Teknologi MARA (Shah Alam). It addresses issues related to students’ weak mastery of Arabic grammar and their level of participation in the program, which is considered suboptimal. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, with a questionnaire as the primary instrument. The sample comprised 50 Arabic language students from Semester One to Semester Five who attended and participated in the program. Findings indicate that students hold positive perceptions toward learning Arabic grammar through the program. This study is significant as it provides valuable insights for Arabic language educators and program coordinators regarding the effectiveness of the Tanwir Lughah program in enhancing students’ grammar mastery. The results can also inform the improvement of grammar modules and teaching strategies in the future, thereby supporting the development of stronger Arabic language skills among students.
Helen C. Fuentes, Nic Jan Johanne A. Castillo.
The rapid evolution of educational practices in the 21st century has highlighted the critical role of supervision in ensuring that teaching and learning remain responsive, engaging, and inclusive. In Physical Education (PE) and Health programs, teachers continually navigate increasing expectations to integrate digital tools and inclusive approaches that cater to diverse learners. These expectations require coherent guidance, mentoring, and technical assistance—functions that fall squarely within the responsibilities of instructional supervisors. As schools embrace digital transformation and inclusive education policies, supervisors play an essential role in shaping instructional quality, teacher readiness, and the overall learning experience of students. Supervisory practices—such as instructional supervision, mentoring, classroom observation, technical assistance, monitoring, and the facilitation of professional development—serve as vehicles that help teachers innovate and enhance their instructional delivery. The introduction of digital strategies in PE and Health, including video analysis tools, virtual fitness applications, performance-tracking platforms, and multimedia learning materials, demands new competencies and consistent support. Similarly, inclusive strategies such as differentiated instruction, adaptive equipment, modified learning tasks, and accommodations for learners with disabilities require specialized guidance for teachers to confidently and successfully implement them. Despite these growing demands, many teachers encounter challenges in accessing meaningful supervision, especially in contexts where supervisors manage a significant number of schools across the division. The gap between supervisory expectations and actual mentoring raises critical questions about how supervision can effectively help teachers integrate digital and inclusive strategies. Understanding these dynamics becomes essential for shaping evidence-based interventions, improving instructional practices, and promoting equitable and technology-rich learning environments. This study seeks to examine how supervisory practices contribute to the integration of digital and inclusive strategies in PE and Health programs. By using a descriptive–correlational approach and regression analysis, the study investigates the extent to which supervision predicts or influences teachers’ instructional integration. The findings aim to inform decision-makers, enhance supervisory frameworks, and support teacher development in ways that benefit learners across the division. This study aims to explore instructional supervision that support the integration of digital and inclusive strategies in Physical Education and Health programs. Specifically, it seeks to determine how instructional supervision contribute to teachers’ adoption of these instructional approaches and whether significant relationships exist between variable. The general problem guiding the study is: What supervisory practices enhance the integration of digital and inclusive strategies in PE and Health programs? To address this central question, the study seeks to answer the following specific problems: (1) What mentoring practices are commonly used to support digital strategy integration in PE and Health education? (2) What professional development practices support the implementation of inclusive strategies in PE and Health education? (3) What challenges do teachers face in adopting digital and inclusive approaches? (4) How effective do teachers perceive instructional supervision in improving teaching performance and student engagement? (5) Is there a significant relationship between monitoring practices and the integration of digital strategies? (6) Is there a significant relationship between monitoring practices and the integration of inclusive strategies? (7) What recommendations may be proposed to strengthen mentoring practices in support of digital and inclusive instruction?
Shurovi Islam
However, since the publication of the UNESCO report on inclusive education in 2005, there has been increased momentum towards inclusive education as an overarching goal of educational policy and frameworks for disability rights. With regard to international treaties and national policies, states are increasingly required to provide equitable access to education for children with developmental differences such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, as well as other neurodevelopmental disorders. In many contexts, inclusive education policies center around including these children in general classrooms and access to specialized educational services. Such advancements denote significant progress, of course, but inclusion is often understood as being placed in an education institution rather than actual and meaningful participation. This restrictive perspective threatens to neglect the wider sociocultural contexts in which children grow, intermingle and evolve. But the day-to-day experiences of neurodivergent kids go far beyond school. The well-being and participation of children are affected at different levels by social influences such as families, extended kinship networks and community attitudes. These broader social contexts take on special importance in countries like Bangladesh, where family structures and community relationships exert a strong influence on children’s daily lives.
Dr Roseline Igoniderigha, Dr. Ebimobowei Appah (FCA)
This research investigated how sustainability reporting influences the financial performance of quoted oil and gas firms operating in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region. The study specifically focused on community development disclosures and employee welfare disclosures as the main sustainability reporting components, while net profit margin served as the proxy for financial performance. An ex-post facto research design was adopted, using secondary data extracted from the annual reports of four listed oil and gas companies spanning 2015 to 2024. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics, the Lagrange multiplier test, and panel regression techniques to evaluate the relationships among the variables. Findings from the analysis indicated that community development reporting exerts a statistically significant negative effect on net profit margin, implying that increased spending on community-related initiatives may temporarily reduce profitability due to higher associated costs. In contrast, employee welfare reporting was found to have a significant positive influence on net profit margin, suggesting that improved staff welfare contributes to higher productivity and better financial outcomes. The study therefore concludes that although community development obligations may reduce short-term profits, investment in employee welfare enhances overall financial performance. It is recommended that oil and gas companies adopt a balanced sustainability approach that aligns social responsibility commitments with cost efficiency in order to achieve long-term profitability and stakeholder satisfaction.
Dr. Anjali Karolia, Dr. Priyanka Kumari
The word ‘craft’ itself symbolizes a construct of sustainability. Though, the extent of sustainability depends on numerous factors like material, production technique, product quality, fair wages and many more. Today we can see a tremendous upsurge in demand of indigenous products. These consumers are more sensitive and mindful not only towards product but also towards product production process and associated narratives. Due to this, greater number of artisans and designers are coming together for cocreation which is opening new avenues for craft appropriation and co-learning. This is changing the traditional pedagogy of knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and helping in foundation of better-knit, self-sufficient inclusive society. In this study, researcher has shared her lived experiences of cocreation with a Mashru weaver - Babu bhai Manodia from Bhujodi village of Kutch district of Gujarat. The entire narration is based on a socio-ecological prototyping of Mashru fabric where a small motif was developed to understand its technical know-how and design possibility. Due to limitation of shafts in existing pit loom, this frugal approach was adopted. With the existing materials from immediate surrounding, product prototype was created. It was an experiential approach of inclusive cocreation that foster indigenous innovation and combine technical, social, and ecological component for interventions that deepen equity, resilience, and sustainability. This experience enabled smooth sharing of tacit and design knowledge between the artisan and designer at same level and space. It helped in appropriating knowledge and skill from simple to complex level.
Carolyn B. Rabago, Heart Evanne A. Mejor, Hersheylou M. Cabig, Resalyn T. Lagura
This study assessed the sustainable environmental tourism practices and their relationship with tourist satisfaction in geotourism areas in Bohol, Philippines. Specifically, it examined sustainability practices in three dimensions—solid waste management, water conservation, and energy efficiency—and evaluated tourist satisfaction through service quality and physical environment. Using a descriptive-correlational design, data were collected from 300 tourists visiting four geotourism sites: Can-umantad Falls (Candijay), Cabagnow Cave Pool (Anda), Hinagdanan Cave (Dauis), and Pahangog Twin Falls (Dimiao). Results showed that tourists perceived sustainable practices at a high level (grand mean = 3.60), with solid waste management rated highest and energy efficiency lowest. Tourist satisfaction was also notably high (grand mean = 3.47), driven primarily by staff hospitality and site safety. A significant positive relationship was found between sustainable environmental tourism practices and tourist satisfaction (r = 0.459, p < .001), although the R² of 0.211 indicated that sustainability practices accounted for 21.1% of variance in satisfaction. Age and civil status significantly predicted both sustainability perception and satisfaction, while educational attainment was the only variable showing a significant difference in satisfaction levels. The study recommends stronger visibility of energy-saving measures, improved enforcement of conservation policies, and continued investment in hospitality and comfort infrastructure. The modest R² highlights the multi-dimensional nature of tourist satisfaction and calls for future multi-predictor models. Limitations include the reliance on convenience sampling and self-reported data; future research should employ probability sampling, expanded multi-destination scopes, and mixed-methods designs to strengthen generalizability and causal inference.
Danilo Daclan Caburnay, Maria Araceli Carrasco-Juliano, Mokaliden Sali Aron
This study explored the teachers’ adaptations to administrative shifts in Al-Hassa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia which focused on changes in organizational practices, management principles, and school policies. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, semi-structured online interviews were conducted among purposively selected Filipino teachers with at least one school year of teaching experience. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis using NVivo software to identify recurring patterns and emerging themes related to administrative shifts, professional growth, roles and responsibilities, teaching, and cultural integration. Findings revealed that Filipino teachers moved from flexible to structured systems with centralized scheduling, collaborative planning, multilingual communication, and technology integration, which developed accountability, efficiency, and expectations to institutional goals. Teachers showed resilience through time management, peer collaboration, mentorship, and continuous professional learning despite challenges such as language barriers and curriculum changes. Complying to local norms indicated cultural sensitivity and fostered smooth integration into the new working environment. Moreover, teachers’ confidence, engagement, and performance were strengthened through supportive leadership, clear policy communication, and motivational practices. The study highlights that structured administrative support along with teachers’ adaptations transform challenges into opportunities for innovation, skill development, and professional advancement. It emphasizes the significance of orientation, mentorship, lifelong learning, and mindset preparation as key strategies for sustainable adaptation. These findings provide a model for enhancement of effective onboarding and support systems that help teacher retention, well- being, and productivity in multicultural educational contexts.
Dr. Barigye Enock, Kyomuhendo Janet
This study examined the effect of in-service training on the implementation of the Competence-Based Curriculum (CBC) in government secondary schools in Ibanda Municipality, Ibanda District, Uganda. Using a descriptive research design with a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 81 respondents, including teachers, head teachers, the Municipal Education Officer (MEO), and Inspectors of Schools. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that in-service training positively influences teachers’ preparedness, instructional practices, and competence in implementing CBC. However, challenges such as limited training frequency, inadequate follow-up support, and resource constraints affected the overall effectiveness. The study concluded that in-service training is critical to enhancing CBC implementation and recommended targeted capacity-building programs, regular mentoring, and provision of adequate teaching resources. Areas for future research include examining the role of peer coaching, continuous professional development, and ICT integration in improving CBC implementation outcomes.
Erly M. Martir, Ma. Riza G. Sambajon, Ruby Durban Catalan
This descriptive correlational study examined teachers’ utilization and effectiveness of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-Based instruction in Values Education and their influence on learners’ performance in the Schools Division of Iloilo, Philippines, for the school year 2025-2026. The descriptive research design was used with 284 randomly selected teachers in Values Education from the population of 984. They were classified according to their educational attainment, position, length of service, grade level taught, and congressional district. The independent variables were the utilization and effectiveness of ICT-based instruction in Values Education, while the dependent variable was learners' performance, measured by their average grade in the first and second quarters of the school year. The data-gathering instrument was developed and modified based on the literature and theories and underwent validation and reliability testing. The statistical tools used were frequency, mean, t-test, Analysis of Variance, and multiple regression, with the level of significance set at 0.05. The results revealed that teachers utilized ICT-based instruction to a great extent. They assessed its level of effectiveness as very high. Significant differences were observed in utilization when teachers were classified by position, length of service, grade level taught, and congressional district. Their assessment of its effectiveness also varies when classified by position and congressional district. Finally, the extent of utilization and level of effectiveness of ICT-based instruction in Values Education significantly influence learners' performance
Nguyen Thi Hue
This study examines the engagement of ethnic Khmer learners with Technology-Assisted Language Learning (TALL) in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta, a region characterized by a complex multilingual environment and persistent socio-economic challenges. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study integrates quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews conducted among students, teachers, and caregivers. The findings reveal a significant digital participation gap: despite high levels of learner motivation and widespread access to smartphones, the systematic adoption of TALL is constrained by infrastructural limitations, including unstable electricity supply and limited internet connectivity. Data analysis further indicates that while students engage enthusiastically with multimodal and gamified learning content, their oral language production remains restricted due to insufficiently scaffolded digital support. Although educators and caregivers strongly value English as a pathway to socio-economic mobility, they face substantial barriers, such as the lack of localized Khmer-language instructional resources, rigid curricular structures, and gaps in digital literacy. The study concludes that effective institutionalization of TALL in rural, minority-majority contexts requires approaches that move beyond technological provision alone, emphasizing inclusive bilingual design and integrated home -school support systems. These findings offer important implications for policymakers and educational technology developers seeking to promote equitable and sustainable digital learning ecosystems in Southeast Asia’s multilingual regions.
Hanifah Jambari, Jamilah Ahmad, Mohamad Rasidi Pairan, Nur Hazirah Noh@Seth, Nurul Aini Mohd Ahyan, Nurul Amira Mohd Shah
Technical skills involve the knowledge and mastery of a particular field especially in areas that deal with methods, process, procedures and techniques. This research was carried out to determine the degree of; knowledge, skills, and constraints of the teachers in the subject of Technical Skills in Design and Technology, Electrical and Electronics. A quantitative survey was the research methodology that was adopted in this study. The sample size of this study was 160 teachers of secondary schools in the southern region of Malaysia. The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions in a 5-point Likert scale. The suitability of the questionnaire developed was identified by carrying out a pilot study. The findings of the pilot study revealed that the reliability that was derived out of the Alpha value of Cronbach was 0.94. The Statistical Package of the Social Sciences was used to analyse the data and provide the frequency, percentage, standard deviation and mean scores value. The results revealed that the level of mean is high in all the variables with the level of knowledge of the teachers having a mean of 3.86 and a standard deviation of 0.95, the level of technical skills of the teachers having a mean of 3.87 and a standard deviation of 0.98 and the constraint the Design and Technology (RBT) teachers face having a mean of 4.82 and a standard deviation of 0.40. The overall findings are that Technical Skills with the Design and Technology subject in the Electrical and Electronics subtopic is at high level with a mean score of 4.82 and standard deviation of 0.40. This implies that teachers have good background knowledge in Electrical and Electronics subtopic, but they might be having challenges in implementing the knowledge to practical context because of some limitations.
Dr. Mirza Juned Beg
This research article explores the disability rights in India, and their right to inclusion, shedding light on the arduous pursuit of full inclusion. It examines the dynamic path toward enabling persons with disabilities to assert their legitimate position in society through a tapestry of legislative frameworks, cultural paradigms, and revolutionary initiatives. The study highlights achievements while critically analyzing remaining gaps, revealing the complex relationship between constitutional promises and actual conditions on the ground. This academic journey, which embodies optimism and resiliency, emphasizes the necessity of creating an inclusive future where everyone may flourish and overcome obstacles with unflinching resolve. This insightful study examines through empirical research how the revolutionary effects of India’s Accessible India Campaign, a pioneering step toward integrating inclusion into society at large. It highlights how this admirable program supports the rights of people with disabilities, elevating their pursuit of dignity, independence, and equal participation via a careful analysis of policies and lived experiences. The study eloquently illustrates the fabric of advancement, stressing both recent successes and lingering obstacles in achieving the right to inclusion. As a ray of hope and transformation, the campaign ushers in a new era where each person’s special talents are valued, creating an India that is genuinely open and equal to everyone.
Azhari Md Hashim, Dinah Rakhim, Fadila Mohd Yusof, Wan Noor Faaizah Wan Omar
Biomimicry is increasingly recognized as a sustainability-driven approach in industrial design; however, its translation into viable industrial applications remains inconsistent. Many biomimicry concepts fail during development due to limitations in interpreting biological principles and aligning them with technical and production constraints. Despite this, existing research predominantly focuses on successful applications, with limited attention to systematic failure evaluation. This study proposes the ATraMS conceptual framework as a structured methodological tool for assessing failure risks in biomimicry design. Developed through literature review and thematic analysis, the framework integrates four critical dimensions: appreciation, transformation, manufacturability, and scalability. A qualitative evaluation model is applied to seven conceptual design case studies to examine feasibility across these dimensions. The findings identify transformation as the most influential factor affecting design failure, with weak translation of biological principles significantly reducing feasibility regardless of manufacturability or scalability. In contrast, designs demonstrating balanced performance across all dimensions exhibit lower failure risk. While the study is limited by its conceptual and qualitative nature, the ATraMS framework contributes a systematic approach for early-stage evaluation, supporting more rigorous decision-making and improving the reliability of biomimicry industrial design outcomes.
Dr. Hitesh N. Dave
This research paper investigates a profound and largely unexplored question: whether the pervasive phenomenon of marital conflict particularly over trivial matters finds its metaphysical roots in Hindu Puranic literature, divine curses, cosmic design, and the ordained dysfunction of the Kaliyuga era. Drawing upon primary textual sources including the Shiva Purana, Bhagavata Purana, Devi Bhagavata, Mahabharata, Ramayana, and Manusmriti, this paper examines how ancient Indian texts not only documented divine marital strife but may have prophesied its inheritance by human couples. The paper further applies a comparative sociological lens to argue that the transition from pre-marital companionship to post-marital cohabitation creates a structural rupture one that ancient seers perhaps intuited through mythological narrative. The convergence of Puranic prophecy, psychological theory, and lived social reality suggests that marital discord is neither accidental nor merely modern; it may be cosmically embedded in the fabric of human existence as ordained by divine design.
Abdulrahman Aliyu, Jaafar Joshuwa Zongola, Salamatu Umar
This study examines the effects of climate change and armed banditry on household food security, while accounting for the role of livelihood characteristics and coping responses. Using primary data from a 2025 field survey, a Food Security Index was constructed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was applied to assess causal relationships, and descriptive analysis was used to document household coping strategies. The PCA results indicate that the first principal component explains 56.8% of the total variation in food security indicators, with a cumulative explained variance of 71.1%, suggesting that meal frequency, dietary diversity, perceived food sufficiency, food expenditure share, and months of food shortage are robust measures of household food security. SEM results reveal that climate change and banditry have significant and negative effects on food security, while climate change also significantly increases the incidence of banditry. In contrast, farm size and off-farm income positively and significantly enhance household food security. The interaction effect between climate change and banditry further exacerbates food insecurity, highlighting their reinforcing impact. The model demonstrates an acceptable fit, confirming the reliability of the estimated relationships. Descriptive findings show that households respond to food insecurity through multiple coping strategies, including crop diversification, reduced meal frequency, engagement in off-farm employment, sale of livestock assets, participation in community savings groups, and temporary migration. Overall, the findings underscore the compounded threat posed by climate change and insecurity to food security, while emphasizing the importance of livelihood diversification and income-enhancing strategies in building household resilience. The study provides evidence-based insights to inform integrated policies targeting climate adaptation, rural security, and sustainable livelihood support.
Abdul Adamu, Abiodun M. Jimoh, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Duru John Chikwendu, Olusegun Abel Oyinwola, Paulina Suleman, Rilwan A. Ajibade, Victor A. C. Biodun, Yahuza M. Muhammed
The study examined the effect of customer relationship management on customer satisfaction. It also explored the ways in which customer satisfaction can be achieved with the use of customer relationship management. The study adopted the use of primary data, questionnaires were also issued. The study also found that customer relationship management contributes greatly to the organization’s profitability and effective customer relationship management is reliable to increase customer satisfaction. The study recommends the effective customer relationship management is a reliable tool to increasing customer satisfaction. Therefore, organization should ensure customer satisfaction at all time. It also recommends that organizations should identify the most profitable customers by ranking them according to their value and then differentiating them based on what they need from the organization.
Arinaitwe Julius Byarugaba, Jasper Atukwase, Jesse David Kabagambe, John Bosco Turyasingura, Moses Agaba
The study sought to investigate the effects of alcohol consumption in Kabale, Rubanda, and Rukiga Districts. A mixed-methods research design was employed, integrating both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of the causes and consequences of alcohol consumption within the study area. Quantitative data were collected from 618 respondents and analyzed statistically, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed to complement and contextualize the quantitative findings. Descriptive statistics, including frequency tables, were used to summarize and present the attributes of individual variables. The findings revealed that alcohol consumption in Kabale, Rubanda, and Rukiga Districts has numerous adverse effects, and the majority of respondents supported strategies to mitigate these effects, including teaching youth to resist peer pressure (97.1%), enforcing fines and detention for lawbreakers (94.9%), altering social norms (93.9%), limiting alcohol availability (90.8%), increasing taxes on alcoholic beverages (82.4%), creating job opportunities, and banning alcohol advertising (95.1%), highlighting the potential effectiveness of these interventions in reducing alcohol consumption. Based on these findings, the study recommends that the government and local authorities in Kabale, Rubanda, and Rukiga Districts strengthen and enforce policies that regulate alcohol availability, increase taxes on alcoholic beverages, and impose fines or detention for lawbreakers, as these measures are widely supported by the community and are likely to significantly reduce alcohol consumption in the study area.
Amahnui George Amenchui, Ekuri Brian Akom, Forbin Maxwell Aleanu, Nkeng Joel Junior, Ntegang Venant Atem, Veronica Ebot Manga
The application of various fertilizers have been adopted by farmers all over the world to secure food supply that can cope with rapid population growth and urbanization, this has led to concerns on their effect on the natural environment. This study aimed to determine the effects of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and urea on soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under maize (zea mays) production over a four-month period (April-July 2022). The experiment was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates, and three treatments; organic fertilizer (OF), no fertilizer (NF), synthetic fertilizer (SF) with an amendment rate of 100 kg per hectare. Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-15cm. The effects of soil amendments on MBC were determined using the chloroform fumigation extraction method. ANOVA was used to determine the difference in MBC. Results showed that MBC varied significantly before and after amendments (p<0.05). All treatments show increased MBC after amendment. However, the largest relative increase occurred in OF plots, an indication that amendment stimulated microbial biomass where baseline MBC was low, showing a highest relative increase of 218.13% compared to 86.49% and 18.59% in NF and SF plots respectively. These findings underscore the potential of organic amendments to provide labile carbon and nutrients that stimulate microbial growth, promoting soil health and sustainability in agricultural practices. More research is needed to understand the dynamics of MBC at different depths with amendments and the effects of seasons on MBC in the volcanic soils of Buea.
Jessicca G. Yubal, Loverly Ann Mejares, Lucy Marie Raven N. Mahilum, Rean S. Bayron, Roxan C. Alolor
This research assessed the relationship between smartphone distraction experience and the digital learning competence of the BTLED Evening Program students studying in Cebu Technological University Main Campus during the school year 2024-2025. It aimed to develop an intervention plan that will help students develop a more mindful and balance approached to smartphone use. It utilized the descriptive-correlation method. There are 138 students from College of Teacher Education who answered the survey questionnaires adapted from Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS) by Throuvala et al. (2021), Digital Learning Competence Scale by Yang et al. (2020). The study found that most participants were female, primarily within the 19 to 21 age range. More than half lived with both parents and reported having 3 and 5 siblings. Additionally, a notable portion of the respondents identified themselves as the youngest among their siblings. Academically, the study found that smartphone distraction, characterized by attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, emotion regulation, and multitasking, is significantly correlated with various aspects of digital learning competence. Respondents demonstrated varying levels of digital competence, with attention impulsiveness showing a weak but significant negative correlation with skills such as technology use, cognitive processing, digital reading, time management, and will management except peer management. Conversely, online vigilance and emotion regulation were positively associated with most digital learning competencies, particularly cognitive processing, digital reading, and self-regulation domains, though not with technology use. Notably, multitasking was significantly linked to all areas of digital learning competence, especially will management, suggesting a more nuanced role in supporting academic self-regulation than traditionally assumed. These findings underscore the complex relationship between smartphone-related behaviors and digital learning skills, emphasizing the need to develop targeted interventions that help students manage distractions and strengthen their competencies in digital learning environments. Based on the findings and conclusions, a digital learning competence-related career guidance intervention plan is proposed for implementation.
Dr Katsiaryna Hurbik, Mudassar Javed Baryar
This article analyzes Siddiqi’s The Centre (2023) as a sharp literary anatomy of neoliberal self-optimization. Existing discussions of the novel have understandably emphasized language politics, cultural appropriation, and the ethics of translation; however, the novel also offers a sustained critique of achievement culture, accelerated learning, and the entrepreneurial imperative to convert every aptitude into capital. Bringing together Michel Foucault’s account of human capital, Nikolas Rose’s work on advanced liberal subject formation, Ulrich Bröckling’s theorization of the entrepreneurial self, and Byung-Chul Han’s analyses of burnout and psychopolitics, we argue that Siddiqi’s speculative institution does not merely teach languages: it manufactures competitive subjects by compressing time, disciplining affect, and transforming intimacy into extractive infrastructure. Through close reading of Anisa Ellahi’s desire to become a “real” translator, the article shows how the novel links literary aspiration to market legibility, bodily absorption, and the violent incorporation of others’ lives. The Centre ultimately reveals that under neoliberal reason, self-making appears voluntary and empowering even when it is organized through exhaustion, hierarchy, and cannibal extraction.
Dr. Armstrong Bansah Nsanyui
The inception of strategic management accounting dates back to 1981 when Kenneth Simmonds introduced this concept, emphasizing its potential to empower managers in devising more effective strategies for navigating the ever-changing and highly competitive business landscape. Over the ensuing decades, this concept has undergone a multifaceted evolution, with various dimensions explored by different authors. This work delves into the diverse dimensions that authors have explored over three decades and assesses their contributions to, or potential impact on, the development of this concept. The study divides these authors' works into three distinct sections, spanning from 1981 to 2000, then from 2001 to 2010, and finally, from 2011 to 2017 and post 2017.
Madiha Safi, Wolanga Jalalzai
This study argues that transparency as a fundamental democratic principle does not remain as vital when new technologies are utilized in political campaigns. Furthermore, digital literacy and adaptable legal institutions are necessary to regulate AI abuse, reduce the gap between rapid technological advancements and slow policy responses. The future of democracy is not only determined by the level of technological advancement, but also by the desire of society to demand accountability over the actions of political actors to the ethical and legal regulations. The development of social media and advanced technologies, fueled by AI, is rapidly transforming the political landscape of communication, and at a rate even faster than laws and policies can keep up with in response. While these technologies enable campaigns to reach larger audiences, customize messages, and engage citizens more productively, they lend themselves to manipulation for purposes of spreading misinformation and disinformation. Artificial Intelligence will be able to produce fake stories, develop artificial consensus, and shape the minds of voters on a large scale. When false information spreads, it makes people lose trust in significant institutions and puts fair elections in danger; by that people miss out on the accurate information that they need to make smart choices about political campaigns.
Nie Dongdong, Nurfaradilla Binti Mohamad Nasri
This study examines the role of the Gaokao system in shaping Chinese students’ decisions to study abroad and its implications for educational inequality over the period 2005–2025. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates longitudinal secondary data with semi-structured interviews to provide both macro-level trend analysis and micro-level insights. Grounded in Push–Pull Theory, the Gaokao is conceptualized as a dynamic institutional push factor interacting with broader socioeconomic and global contexts. The findings indicate that the influence of the Gaokao evolves across three distinct phases: a reactive “fallback” mechanism in the early stage (2005–2009), a more proactive “parallel pathway” during the expansion phase (2010–2017), and a moderated, diversified influence within increasingly strategic decision-making in the recent period (2018–2025). Qualitative evidence further suggests a shift from exam avoidance toward long-term educational planning among students and families. Regarding inequality, the study finds that while the Gaokao maintains a meritocratic logic within the domestic system, its interaction with unequal access to international education contributes to a stratified dual-track structure. Although recent reforms and diversification trends have partially mitigated disparities, structural inequalities remain evident. By integrating longitudinal and qualitative perspectives, this study extends Push–Pull Theory and offers a more dynamic understanding of high-stakes examinations in global student mobility.
April Joy D. Deza, Dama Cynheal S. Solis
This study explored the hiring experiences of newly hired reapplicant teachers in the District of Dumangas I. It provides valuable insights to refine policy and practice. Additionally, understanding the challenges faced by reapplicants not only enriches the existing body of knowledge but also helps school districts refine their hiring processes. Ultimately, this study aspires to contribute to the development of more effective hiring practices. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, the researcher conducted phenomenological interviews with eight select reapplicant teachers who had recently undergone the hiring process. Data were thematically analyzed using Colaizzi’s method. Findings revealed that reapplicants face significant obstacles, including systemic barriers, intense competition, and emotionally taxing experiences. Common themes that emerged are “attrition of aspiration,” “shadow of doubt,” and “resilience rooted in faith,” reflecting the emotional struggles and determination of applicants. Participants also reported discrepancies between their expectations and actual experiences, particularly regarding fairness, evaluation, and the lengthy application timeline. Nevertheless, the presence of support systems, such as family encouragement, peer motivation, administrative guidance, and spiritual strength, proved essential in helping them persevere. The study confirms a need for transparency, realistic interviews, and alignment between hiring policies and implementation. Also, strengthening emotional and institutional support structures is recommended to ensure a fairer, more humane, and encouraging hiring process for future applicants.
Dr. Shuaib Owolabi Olajire, Prof. Moruf Oladehinde Oladejo
This study examines the impact of fiscal federalism on economic growth in Nigeria over a 40-year period from 1985 to 2024. Using annual time-series data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin, economic growth is proxied by real GDP per capita, while fiscal federalism is measured via three indicators: revenue decentralization (RDC), expenditure decentralization (EXDC), and their simultaneous decentralization (REXDC). The study employs the Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test, Johansen cointegration technique, an Error Correction Model (ECM), and Granger causality tests. The results confirm a stable long-run equilibrium relationship between fiscal federalism and economic growth. Revenue decentralization exerts a positive and statistically significant effect on growth, whereas expenditure decentralization negatively affects it. Simultaneous decentralization shows a complex, context-dependent effect. Granger causality tests reveal a bidirectional causal relationship between simultaneous decentralization and economic growth, suggesting feedback effects. The findings accentuate that decentralization's efficacy is contingent on institutional quality, highlighting the importance of revenue autonomy, strengthened subnational institutional capacity, and improved intergovernmental fiscal coordination for promoting sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
Ruth Morenike ODEWUMI
This study examined the availability of learning corners and their impact on the social-emotional development of primary school children in Ikere Local Government Area Ekiti State. A descriptive survey research design was employed, with a sample size of 100 teachers who were selected through simple random sampling. to assess the presence, organization, and utilization of learning corners, as well as their influence on pupils’ social-emotional development. Findings revealed that learning corners were generally available, well-organized, accessible, and actively used in school. Teachers reported that learning corners significantly enhanced children’s social skills, emotional expression, empathy, patience, and self-regulation. Furthermore, learning corners positively influenced academic performance by improving motivation, problem-solving abilities, focus, creativity, and collaborative learning. Finally the study demonstrates that learning corners serve as effective instructional spaces that support holistic child development. The findings highlight the importance of structured, resource-rich learning environments in promoting both educational achievement and social-emotional competence among primary school pupils. The study suggested that addressing these challenges through better resources, smaller class sizes, and enhanced teacher training would improve the implementation and outcomes of learning corners in primary schools
Dr. Mohammed Chemlal, Sultan Hassan Mohammed Ahmed Alhalemi
This study aims to examine the impact of monetary and fiscal policies on gross domestic product (GDP) in Yemen during the period 2000–2022. The independent variables include broad money supply (M2), total public expenditure, total public revenue, and the trade balance, while GDP represents the dependent variable. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing time-series descriptive statistics and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to test the hypotheses using EViews13. The findings reveal a significant long-run relationship between monetary and fiscal policies and GDP. Approximately 74% of the variation in GDP is explained by the independent variables, while 26% is attributed to other factors not included in the model. The results indicate a positive impact of money supply, public revenues, and the trade balance on GDP, whereas public expenditure exhibits a negative effect.
A.M.T.S. Attanayake
Initial child delivery can be identified as a second birth of the woman's life. Due to high task oriented working cultures and higher competitiveness, post maternity females have to face critical situations within the workplace even with higher mental pressure. Therefore it is really important to understand the impact of organizational culture on post maternity female employee retention since it could provide solutions for the issues occurring within the workplaces. The research aims to identify how key dimensions of organizational culture such as leadership, teamwork, and adaptability impact the decision of female employees to remain in the workforce after maternity leave. Even though Sri Lanka is a country which has a higher academic background for female education, Sri Lanka has been identified as one of the lowest female labour participating countries among South Asia. The reasons for this issue may be higher cultural diversity and unfair treatments for the post maternity female employees within the organization cultures. Therefore investigation in this regard is highly required. This research focuses on post maternity female employees in Kandy District with a sample of 100 post maternity females by using convenience sampling methods. Organizational culture, with five aspects Shared Values, Communication, Leadership, Teamwork, and Adaptability was the independent variable, while post maternity female employee was the dependent variable. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data using SPSS software. The findings indicate that all five dimensions have a meaningful impact on retention, with teamwork and leadership standing out as the most significant factors. Shared values and effective communication also contribute notably, while adaptability, though less influential, still plays a significant role. The findings of this study are important to boost retention of post maternity female employees and also strengthen the organization's overall effectiveness and reputation.
Emmanuel Badu Amoah, Joseph Fiifi Barima-Begyina Fosu-Ankrah
This paper examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI), automation, and remote work on employees' emotional intelligence (EI) within organisational settings. Utilizing frameworks such as technological acceptance, social cognitive theory, and emotional labor, this research elucidates the ways in which emotional regulation and social interaction are influenced by technology design and organisational practices. Technological advancements have markedly transformed emotional capacity and workplace relationships. While EI enhances empathy and self-awareness, it also presents challenges such as technostress, emotional exhaustion, and reduced face-to-face interaction. This study considers AI, remote work, and EI as interconnected phenomena within the sociology of the workplace. Employing face-to-face interviews with public sector workers in Ghana and a comprehensive literature review, the data were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that well-integrated AI can enhance emotional capabilities, whereas poor implementation may undermine emotional autonomy and social cohesion. The study proposes human-centered AI governance and emotionally informed Human Resource (HR) policies, advocating for EI training to align with AI adoption to foster resilience and innovation in digital workspaces, thereby ensuring organizational efficiency and effectiveness.
Arif @ Kamisan Pusiran, Brahim Chekima, Fatma Zohra Chekima, Zhang Ling
This study examines how short video marketing influences hotel consumers’ reservation intention in China. Although platforms such as Douyin, Xiaohongshu, and WeChat Video Channel play an important role in hospitality promotion, the psychological processes through which short video narratives shape booking intention remain underexplored. Grounded in the Stimulus–Organism–Response framework, the study investigates the effects of narrative structure on narrative transportation; the effects of narrative transportation on flow experience and sense of presence, the effects of flow experience and sense of presence on perceived value; and the effect of perceived value on reservation intention. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from 153 respondents who had recently been exposed to hotel-related short videos and analyzed using SPSS and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed satisfactory reliability and validity of the measurement model, while the structural model confirmed that all six hypothesized relationships were positive and significant. Perceived value emerged as the strongest predictor of reservation intention. The findings extend the application of the Stimulus–Organism–Response framework to short video hospitality marketing and demonstrate that immersive storytelling can turn promotional content into experiential value creation. In practical terms, the study offers useful guidance for hotel marketers on designing coherent, emotionally engaging short videos that enhance consumer engagement and booking conversion.
Addley Bromeo Bin Bianus, Bao Shilian
Zhuang Brocade, a traditional textile art of the Zhuang ethnic group in Guangxi, China, embodies rich historical, cultural, and aesthetic significance. Rapid industrialization, declining artisan populations, and diminishing public interest threaten its preservation and transmission. This study investigates the role of virtual exhibition halls in the protection and dissemination of Zhuang Brocade culture in Jingxi City through semi-structured interviews with 24 participants, including artisans, cultural institution staff, and general users. Findings indicate that virtual exhibition halls effectively document and archive visual and historical elements of Zhuang Brocade, providing high-resolution imaging and 3D modeling that support cultural preservation without risking physical artifacts. Digital platforms significantly enhance dissemination by increasing accessibility, engagement, and awareness among geographically distant and younger audiences. Interactivity, immersion, and content quality were identified as key factors influencing user experience and satisfaction. However, intangible aspects, such as hands-on weaving skills and tacit knowledge, cannot be fully captured digitally, highlighting the need for complementary traditional transmission methods. The study offers practical recommendations for integrating virtual exhibitions with apprenticeship programs, optimizing user-centered design, and improving accessibility. Limitations include small sample size and regional focus, suggesting the need for larger-scale, longitudinal, and comparative studies to advance the digital preservation of intangible cultural heritage.
AHM Yeadul Islam
Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, holds profound significance for Muslims worldwide, not only as a period of fasting but also as a transformative framework for ethical, spiritual, and social development. Far beyond abstention from food and drink, Ramadan emphasizes values such as patience, self-control, empathy, honesty, generosity, compassion, discipline, and accountability, all of which are foundational for building a peaceful and harmonious society. These lessons transcend the individual level, extending to the family, community, national, and even international domains. At the personal level, Ramadan nurtures moral discipline, resilience, and spiritual consciousness, which reduce tendencies toward aggression, addiction, and unethical practices. Socially, its practices of collective worship and charity foster solidarity, justice, and mutual support, thereby countering crime, isolation, and anti-social behaviors. At the national level, Ramadan’s principles align with good governance, accountability, and anti-corruption strategies, while in international relations, its ethos of tolerance and reconciliation offers pathways for peacebuilding, ethical diplomacy, and conflict resolution. This paper examines the multidimensional importance of Ramadan’s lessons, using Mohammadpur, Dhaka, as a case context for community-level interventions. During Ramadan of 2024, we did a research work by adopting an observation method in Mohammadpur area. Also, we did some in-depth interviews with the local councilor. This Study proposes an action framework for embedding these values into law enforcement, education, civil society, and policymaking. The study concludes with policy recommendations for relevant ministries, institutions, and international actors, highlighting the role of Ramadan as a timeless ethical guide for fostering peace, justice, and human dignity in contemporary society.
Mazlina Binti Che Muztafa, Uni Grace P. Porras
This study aimed to explore the influence of a developed mother tongue-based teacher read-aloud module on the Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) among kindergarten pupils. Using a qualitative case study approach, interviews and observations were conducted with teachers and pupils from two kindergarten classes in rural and urban settings in a province in the Philippines. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that the module positively influenced pupils’ HOTS, as demonstrated by enhanced analytical competence in processing information, strengthened evaluative competence in assessing information, and improved creative competence in producing prompt-responsive outputs. Furthermore, no rural-urban differences were observed in the module’s influence on pupils’ HOTS. The study recommends the use and integration of the module in regular teaching in classrooms with similar context as it is found to be comprehensive, inclusive, and pedagogically sound.
Maria Alona A. Galendez, Marie Angeline G. Caliente
Early numeracy serves as a critical foundation for lifelong learning, enabling young children to understand numbers, patterns, and quantities in everyday contexts. Despite its importance, limited local studies have examined the combined influence of the home environment and home-based learning activities on kindergartners’ numeracy skills. This study investigated how these factors influence early numeracy development among kindergarten learners in a public elementary school during School Year 2025–2026. Using a descriptive–correlational design, 152 learners were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using an adapted Home Learning Environment Questionnaire, a Learning Activities Checklist, and a standardized numeracy assessment aligned with the MATATAG Kindergarten Curriculum. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Findings revealed that learners experienced a moderate level of home support and engagement in learning activities, while numeracy skills were at moderate level. Regression results showed that both home environment and learning activities significantly influenced numeracy skills, with learning activities emerging as the stronger predictor. The study highlights the importance of supportive home interactions and meaningful learning experiences in developing early numeracy skills. It is recommended that schools strengthen parental engagement programs and promote structured home-based learning activities to enhance children’s foundational mathematical development.
Emma S. Mirandilla, Helaria B. Carmona, John Mark B. Lazaro, Melven E. Gaviola, Roteo C. Anoche Jr
This study explored how teachers’ computer competencies influence the e-learning engagement of college students in Santo Tomas, Davao del Norte. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was used, involving 359 college students selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using adapted survey questionnaires measuring teachers’ computer competencies and students’ e-learning engagement. Results showed that teachers’ computer competencies were high, and students also demonstrated a high level of engagement in online learning, which means oftentimes observed. Statistical analysis revealed a strong and significant relationship between teachers’ computer competencies and students’ e-learning engagement. These findings suggest that when teachers are more competent in using technology, students become more active, motivated, and engaged in e-learning. The study highlights the importance of strengthening teachers’ digital skills to enhance the quality of online learning in higher education.
Karen Kristine D. Abellanosa, Revina O. Mendoza, PhD
Reading comprehension was a foundational skill that was key to academic success, however many students in Grade 7 had difficulty as texts became more challenging. Grounded in the Simple View of Reading and Scaffolding Theory, the study investigated the relationship between vocabulary knowledge, teachers’ instructional practices, parental involvement and reading comprehension of Grade 7 students from one district of Cagayan de Oro City. It specifically examined vocabulary knowledge, teachers’ instructional practices, parental involvement and reading comprehension in four subskills: extracting significant information, distinguishing fact from opinion, drawing inferences and analyzing real-world issues. The study used a descriptive–correlational design with 214 students who were selected using simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that vocabulary knowledge, teacher’s instructional practices and parental involvement were all at high levels. The regression model was significant; however, vocabulary knowledge was the only significant predictor of reading comprehension. Students performed relatively well in drawing inferences and analyzing real-world issues but experienced difficulty in distinguishing fact from opinion. These findings underscore the role of vocabulary knowledge in enhancing reading comprehension and the need for supportive teaching and home environments. Overall, this underscores that while external support is valuable, building strong vocabulary remains the foundational factor for effective reading comprehension. Future researchers are encouraged to examine additional factors influencing reading comprehension, such as reading motivation, metacognitive strategies, and digital literacy, to extend the generalizability of the findings across diverse contexts.
Glenda A. Mole, Liezel V. Chan
This study aims to establish the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between teaching practices and problems and difficulties encountered by senior high school students in learning mathematics. A descriptive–correlational design is employed in this study and targeted a total of three hundred (300) respondents using a random stratified sampling to guarantee that biases will be avoided. Questionnaires are administered online using Google Forms for easy data collection. The study's results indicated that SHS respondents perceived the level of teaching practices, with a weighted mean of 4.15. Additionally, the level of problems and difficulties encountered in learning mathematics among SHS students was found to have a weighted mean of 3.87. In contrast, the level of emotional intelligence was calculated to be 4.16. All of these levels are considered to be high. Therefore, there is a significant relationship between teaching practices and problems and difficulties encountered by the SHS respondents in learning mathematics. The relationship between teaching practices and the problems encountered by SHS students in selected schools in Davao del Norte regarding learning mathematics is directly mediated by emotional intelligence, as indicated by the mediation analysis. This suggests that effectively managing the students' emotional intelligence can directly affect their performance and accomplishments in mathematics. Furthermore, the study indicates that educators' teaching practices can directly affect how students handle the problems and difficulties they face.
Angelica J. Devera, John Mark B. Lazaro, Loren Grace F. Pelarca
Customer satisfaction serves as a vital metric, essentially reflecting how customers evaluate their service experiences against their initial expectations. This study determined the mediating effect of the food safety culture on the relationship between safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. This study utilizes quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, correlational research design and mediation analysis with 100 samples from customers. This study used convenience sampling technique. The statistical tools used in this study are mean, pearson r, and path analysis. The study's findings demonstrated that the level of food safety culture, safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. Furthermore, there was a significant interrelationship in food safety culture, safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. Also, a significant partial mediation effect of food safety culture was observed in the relationship between safe food handling knowledge and practices and customer satisfaction. This means that a high level of safe food handling knowledge and practices enables food establishments to implement effective safety measures, which in turn fosters a stronger food safety culture. This positive culture enhances customer satisfaction by ensuring consistency, trust, and a high standard of safety in food services.
Ariadne Faye P. Cabaluna, Dhainna Mae B. Bonite, Hazel Mae C. Llorente
Student engagement refers to the level of focus, curiosity, enthusiasm, optimism, and passion during learning or instruction is referred to as their level of student engagement. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of social participation on the relationship between motivational strategies and student engagement among college students. This study utilized quantitative, non-experimental descriptive correlational research design, and mediation analysis with 353 samples of college students. This study used stratified random sampling techniques. The statistical tools used in this study were mean, pearson r and path analysis. Data was collected from respondents using adapted survey instruments, which were verified for content validity. The study’s findings demonstrated that social participation, motivational strategies and student engagement have a descriptive level of high. Furthermore, there was significant partial mediation between social participation, motivational strategies and student engagement. The connection between motivational strategies and student engagement in college was partially explained by the level of social participation. The result was that students who engage with their peers were more likely to participate in social activities. If students are motivated and engaged in general, they'll participate in even more social activities.
Geoffrey Angela., Judith Akello Abal, Lydia Amongi, Mary Ejang
Humans consistently seek meaning, purpose, and a sense that their lives matter. Across philosophical, psychological, and spiritual traditions, personal development is seen as a dynamic process where individuals move from passivity and external control towards active authorship of their own lives. This manuscript explores the philosophy of personal development as the act of taking ultimate responsibility for one’s destiny. Drawing on existential humanistic philosophy, religious–spiritual thought, and modern personality theory, it examines how freedom, responsibility, self-knowledge, and moral character interact to shape a life course. A conceptual, hermeneutic analysis of key texts and frameworks was undertaken, including existential pedagogy, theories of personality as a creative act, models of self-determination, Islamic and Christian perspectives on character development and vocation, and contemporary discussions on positive thinking and quality of life. The analysis highlights several recurring themes: personality is not a fixed trait but an ongoing task and creative act; responsibility is both a prerequisite and a result of a mature personality; destiny is better understood as a vocation or mission rather than mere fate; and self-development requires active engagement with internal and external “barriers,” meaning, and values. These findings suggest that taking ultimate responsibility for one’s destiny involves assuming authorship of responses to circumstances, nurturing character and self-knowledge, and aligning one’s life with a personally and ethically meaningful sense of calling. This article concludes with practical implications for education, counselling, and spiritual guidance, and proposes research directions to empirically investigate responsibility-centred models of personal development.
Asst. Prof. Dr. Ibrahim Wanni Tohyala
Sharia supervision plays a vital role in Islamic banks to ensure that banking products and operations comply with Sharia law. With technological advancements, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an effective tool to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of Sharia supervision. The challenge presented in this paper is that the traditional approach to Sharia supervision in Islamic banks may be marred by some issues due to its reliance on human resources, in addition to the delay in completing transactions referred to the supervision committee. Hence, the idea of applying AI to supervision, even if only partially, contributes to reducing human error and increasing the speed of analysis and review. The roles of AI include, but are not limited to, automated analysis of Sharia texts, detection of suspicious transactions, automated auditing, and improving customer experience. This paper is based on inductive and analytical approaches. This process is not without challenges and difficulties, which officials must work to overcome, in line with the message of Islamic jurisprudence, which is to accommodate variables. The integration of technology and Sharia expertise is required and essential to ensure Islamic banks' compliance with Sharia law.
Christine Mwanza, Robert Changwe
This study critically examines the integration of Indigenous Knowledge Systems (IKS) within Zambian primary and secondary school curricula as a decolonisation strategy. Despite mounting global recognition of IKS value in addressing contemporary educational and developmental challenges, African curricula continue to privilege Western epistemologies, marginalising local knowledge systems and culturally grounded pedagogies. Employing a concurrent embedded mixed-methods design, this research engaged 61 participants including teachers, university lecturers, curriculum specialists, traditional leaders, and community members across Eastern and Lusaka provinces of Zambia. Data were collected through focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, and structured questionnaires, subsequently analysed thematically and through descriptive statistics. Findings reveal a pronounced disconnect between policy rhetoric acknowledging IKS and its substantive curricular integration, with 72.7% of respondents indicating inadequate IKS representation in formal education. While participants overwhelmingly recognised IKS relevance in cultivating practical skills, preserving cultural heritage, and addressing localised challenges particularly in agriculture, environmental management, and traditional medicine significant barriers persist. These include entrenched colonial mindsets, insufficient teacher preparation, limited community engagement, and the paucity of documented IKS resources. The study proposes a comprehensive decolonisation framework integrating five key IKS domains (agriculture, environmental management, traditional medicine, cultural heritage, and indigenous technologies) with complementary aspects of Western scientific knowledge. This hybridised approach, grounded in preparationism, functionalism, and communalism philosophies, aims to produce holistic, contextually relevant education fostering self-reliance and cultural continuity. The research contributes to ongoing discourses on epistemological diversity, culturally responsive pedagogy, and sustainable development in postcolonial African education systems.
Chidiogo J. Okpala, Geraldine E. Nzeribe, Jude O. Dike (PhD), Stephen M. Chukwuka
In this study transformational productivity refers to the capacity of an economy to attain long term gains in productive capacity by means of structural upgrading, technology adoption and sectoral efficiency gains. In contrast to straightforward productivity indicators, it reflects the efficiency gains inside a sector, as well as transitions to more value-added processes. As a way of operationalizing this concept, the study uses the Productive Capacities Index (PCI) that was developed by UNCTAD, which is a multidimensional measure of productive capabilities such as human capital, infrastructure, institutions, and structural change. This paper analyses the correlation between labour productivity, production in the manufacturing sector and exports of finished goods in the chosen African countries (Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia) based on annual panel data between 2000 and 2022 (N = 69 observations). An ARDL panel framework is embraced to estimate both short and long-run dynamics. Results indicate that despite expected signs of the explanatory variables, the majority of the coefficients are statistically non-significant, which implies that the sectoral performance and transformational productivity are not significantly transmitted by the relevant variables in the sampled economies.. The empirical result showed a negative and insignificant relationship between labour productivity and transformational productivity; a positive but insignificant relationship between manufacturing sector output and transformational productivity; and also a positive and insignificant relationship between export of finished goods and transformational productivity. The study therefore concludes that labour productivity, manufacturing sector output and export of finished goods impacts on transformational productivity but not in a very significant way. If it must impact on it positively as suggested by theories then there is need to look at African dynamics to see how they can be helpful in achieving transformational productivity in Nigeria.
Sola, Oluwagbenle
This study evaluates the nexus between public healthcare outlay and economic growth in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning from 1981 to 2024. The study employed Autoregressive Distributed Lags Approach to Cointegration and Error Correction Mechanism as estimation technique. According to the model’s estimated results, neither of the independent variables that is, government capital health spending or recurrent health spending which are proxies for public healthcare outlay has a noticeable impact on Nigeria’s economic spreading out. The independent variables were not significant, which could be attributed to lack of strength of indirect effects and the time lag between ongoing healthcare costs and the overall economy. Additionally, in Nigeria, corruption and leakages might be blamed for ineffective healthcare expenditures, which drop off the standard of healthcare and general wellness of the citizenry. In the light of the findings, the study recommends among others that the government should ensure efficiency and transparency of healthcare expenditure, alongside increased investment in the health sector to stimulate sustainable economic growth in Nigeria.
Abdul Rauf Ridzuan, Afiqah Elysa Yaziz, Mohamad Hafifi Jamri, Mohd Sazili Shahibi, Nazri Che Dom, Nur Eleena Habeed, Yusa Dyujandi
The HIV epidemic is a significant worldwide public health issue since stigma continues to be a significant barrier to social inclusion and effective treatment. Despite advancements in healthcare and awareness initiatives, public stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV) persists in Malaysia, which affects their general well-being and ability to integrate into society. This study aims to measure the expectancy of HIV patients in society. The study is also an attempt to understand the level of identified stigma or harmful stereotypes about HIV so that the behavior toward people with HIV would be better understood. The study will also assess the level of acceptability of people with HIV within that society. The end of this research resulted in the respondents having shown a low level of stigma towards people who are HIV positive (M=2.13) and high level of acceptance towards people who are HIV positive (M=3.04).
Crislyn A. Solde
As nations modernize, families face increasing economic uncertainty and shifting social dynamics, necessitating structured parenting interventions. This study explored the impact of the Family Development Session (FDS)—a cornerstone of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)—on the behavioral transformations of parents. Using a qualitative case study design, data were gathered through In-Depth Interviews (IDI), Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and Key Informant Interviews (KII), then analyzed via Reflexive Thematic Analysis to explore the lived experiences of participants. The findings revealed three major themes: (1) Guided Parenting Practices, establishing a foundation in legal awareness and structured guidance; (2) Transformed Practices, capturing a holistic shift across Personal Influence, Improved Parenting Approaches, and Positive Community Engagement; and (3) Drivers of Transformation, identifying enabling support systems and motivational factors as the primary catalysts for change. Results indicated that while institutional support from Regional Field Offices (RFOs) and intrinsic motivation facilitate these shifts, operational needs regarding physical accessibility and active participant engagement remain critical for success.
Ortuanya Kelvin Emeka
Background: Induction of labour is a key obstetric intervention aimed at improving maternal and perinatal outcomes. Misoprostol, particularly in low-dose vaginal regimens, is widely used due to its effectiveness, affordability, and stability. However, variations in clinical practice and limited long-term institutional data in low-resource settings necessitate further evaluation of its outcomes. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of 25 microgram vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening and induction of labour at ESUTH parklane over a five-year period. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH), Nigeria, from 2021 to 2025. A total population sampling approach was used to include 312 women who met the inclusion criteria. Data were obtained from labour ward registers, case notes, and delivery records. Variables analysed included socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, indications for induction, induction-to-delivery interval, mode of delivery, and maternal and neonatal outcomes. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The majority of women were aged 20–29 years (50.0%) and multiparous (55.1%). Post-term pregnancy (33.3%) was the most common indication for induction. The overall rate of successful vaginal delivery was 73.1%, while the caesarean section rate was 26.9%. The mean induction-to-delivery interval was 16.8 ± 6.4 hours. Maternal complications were low, with uterine hyperstimulation occurring in 7.7% and postpartum haemorrhage in 5.8% of cases. Neonatal outcomes were generally favourable, with 88.5% of neonates having Apgar scores ≥7 at 5 minutes. Multiparity, favourable Bishop score, and term gestation were significantly associated with successful induction. Conclusion: Low-dose (25 µg) vaginal misoprostol is an effective and safe method for induction of labour, with high success rates and acceptable maternal and neonatal outcomes. Its affordability and ease of use make it particularly suitable for resource-limited settings.
Athirathan, S., Jenat Mary, S.
The introduction of the 13 Years Guaranteed Education Program in 2017 marked a significant turning point in the development of vocational education in Sri Lanka. This initiative was designed to ensure that all students remain within the school system for 13 years, regardless of their performance at the G.C.E. Ordinary Level (O/L) examination. A key objective of the program is to provide vocational training opportunities, particularly at NVQ Level 4, for students who do not qualify for the traditional Advanced Level (A/L) academic stream, thereby reducing school dropout rates and improving employability. This study focuses on the level of interest in vocational education among plantation sector students, specifically within Tamil medium schools in the Kegalle Educational Zone. Despite the availability of this program, student participation remains low in this sector. The research aims to identify students’ interest levels, examine the challenges they face, and assess the awareness of the program among students, parents, and teachers. A mixed-method research design was employed, utilizing questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions for primary data collection, alongside secondary data sources such as official documents. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel, incorporating both quantitative (correlation analysis) and qualitative approaches. The findings reveal limited awareness of the program, low student participation, insufficient resources, challenges in teaching and learning processes, limited availability of practical subjects, inadequate institutional support, and lack of parental encouragement. The study recommends enhancing awareness, improving facilities, ensuring proper supervision, and expanding program availability to increase its effectiveness and accessibility.
Noor Jannah Afi, Raihan Farhanah Ahmad, Wahiet Mat
This research explores the metaphorical application of the Toyol, a Malay folklore spirit thief, as an interpretive lens to covert workplace deviance in Malaysian organizations. Underpinned by symbolic anthropology and Islamic Human Resource Management (HRM), the study investigates how the "Toyol mentality" is used by employees to explain behavior such as time theft, electronic free-riding, and unethical self-enrichment. Using qualitative interview, digital ethnography, and Islamic text analysis methods, the study demonstrates how the cultural metaphor facilitates veiled criticism of unethical practice and mirrors underlying organizational blind spots. The research suggests that Islamic ethical values of amanah (trust), adl (justice), ihsan (excellence), and hisbah (accountability), provide spiritually underpinned alternatives to procedural ethics. Yet, HR systems neglect these values and do not operationalize them into actionable systems. The research prescribes an Islamically-coherent, culturally-appropriate HRM ethics template that aligns local metaphor and theological teaching with training, appraisal, and disciplinary practices. By renegotiating folklore as moral tale rather than superstition, the research presents a new approach to the reconstruction of workplace integrity in Muslim-majority cultures.
Connie Kivuti, Dr. Farai Katsande
In this study, the evolution of leadership theory through a conceptual and analytical review of seminal and contemporary literature was examined. Drawing on 36 scholarly sources, it traces the progression of leadership thought from the deterministic assumptions of the Great Man Theory to more dynamic and context-sensitive approaches, including Trait, Skills, and Style theories. The analysis highlights a significant epistemological shift from leader-centric and essentialist perspectives toward relational, developmental, and socially embedded understandings of leadership. Critically, while each theory contributes important insights—traits explaining who leaders are, skills leaders can develop, and behaviors leaders exhibit—none provides a comprehensive explanation of leadership effectiveness on its own. Consequently, the study develops an Integrated Leadership Model (ILM), which conceptualizes leadership as a multidimensional process arising from the interaction among traits (being), skills (becoming), behaviors (doing), and context (situating). The findings demonstrate that leadership effectiveness is not determined by any single dimension but by the alignment and interaction among these elements. Therefore, the study advances a holistic and integrative framework that reconceptualises leadership as a dynamic, adaptive, and contextually embedded process. This framework provides a more comprehensive foundation for understanding and developing leadership in complex organisational environments, bridging the gap between traditional theories and contemporary leadership challenges.
Lubbungu Jive, Sinyama Martone
Translanguaging has become a major framework for understanding multilingual meaning-making in education, yet much of the literature has tended to assume classroom contexts in which learners and teachers share relatively stable or sufficiently overlapping linguistic repertoires. This article examines how translanguaging operates in highly heterogeneous urban primary school classrooms in Livingstone, Zambia, where no single shared learner language can be consistently assumed. Drawing on a qualitative interpretivist case study, the study used classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with twenty teachers and twenty pupils from selected primary schools to investigate patterns of language use, instructional practice, learner participation, and teachers’ engagement with language-in-education policy. The findings show that multilingual classroom interaction was not random but systematically patterned according to communicative role and pedagogical function. English was more prominent in formal teacher-led and teacher-directed interaction, while Nyanja featured strongly in peer clarification and collaborative meaning-making, with Tonga and Lozi appearing in more context-specific ways. Teachers used multilingual practices strategically to scaffold understanding, clarify tasks, and sustain lesson flow, while learners relied on peer-mediated multilingual processing before producing formal classroom responses. The study further found that classroom interaction was shaped by partial linguistic overlap, requiring teachers to make moment-to-moment decisions across unevenly shared linguistic resources. It also revealed a clear mismatch between formal language-in-education policy and the realities of multilingual urban classroom practice. The article argues that in such contexts translanguaging should be understood not only as fluid repertoire mobilisation, but as pedagogical coordination under conditions of incomplete commonality, institutional constraint, and interactional necessity. By foregrounding classroom-based evidence from an underrepresented African urban context, the article extends translanguaging theory and contributes to more context-sensitive understandings of multilingual pedagogy, teacher agency, and language policy enactment.
BERNARD Anthony Oladayo, PhD
The study argued that in Sorrows and Rejoicing and The Bells of Amersfoort, Athol Fugard and Zakes Mda render trauma not simply as a thematic preoccupation but as a stylistic tool that determines the plays’ formal and aesthetic contours. Through trauma theory concepts like belated memory, repression, and the compulsion to repeat, the study demonstrates how fragmented temporality, broken dialogue, spectral presences, and the persistent use of silence become stylistic signatures through which the playwrights dramatise the unsettled psychic lives of their characters. In examining these narrative and dramaturgical strategies, the research contends that both texts reveal trauma as an experience that resists linear articulation yet imprints itself on theatrical form, thus reflecting the deeper struggle by contemporary literary artists to reckon with the lingering psychological scars of Apartheid South African.
Capua, Vanesa P.
Motivation is a key driver of students’ engagement and success in learning biology. This study investigated the level of motivation of undergraduate students in learning biology and examined whether significant differences exist when grouped according to sex and course. It also sought to identify the relationship between students’ age and their level of motivation, as well as to determine which profile variable significantly predicts motivation. Quantitative research approach was employed, using descriptive-comparative, correlational, and predictive research designs. Data were collected from 112 voluntary undergraduate students through a validated biology motivation questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze students’ level of motivation. Differences by sex and course were examined using an independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. Pearson’s r was utilized to assess the relationship between motivation and age, whereas multiple linear regression was used to identify significant predictors of students’ motivation in learning biology. Results revealed that the undergraduate students were highly motivated to learn biology, regardless of sex and course, as there were no significant differences in motivation levels when grouped by these variables. However, age was found to significantly influence students' motivation, with a direct but weak correlation observed between age and motivation levels. Among the profile variables, age emerged as the most significant predictor of motivation in learning biology. These findings suggest that educators and academic institutions may consider age-related differences when designing instructional strategies and support systems to sustain and improve student motivation in biology learning contexts.
DR. K. Kaavya, Karthik. A.G.
The rapid growth of the digital economy has created a vast amount of structured and unstructured data from many different sources (for example: enterprise systems, social media, IoT devices, and customers). With the increased number of data sources, there is now a larger volume of data available than ever before; however, there are still challenges converting this raw data into useful information for decision-making. To help alleviate this problem, Business Intelligence (BI) tools have emerged as essential solutions for providing insights into the large amounts of raw data. Among the many BI tools used in business today, Microsoft Power BI is one of the most popular. Power BI helps organizations gather, integrate, process, and visualize data in an efficient and user-friendly way. This research examines how Power BI can enhance the decision-making process in present-day organizations by enabling businesses to more easily make data-driven decisions. Power BI has many applications and provides inherently valuable capabilities including: interactive dashboards, real-time analytics, data modelling, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based Intelligence to generate deeper insights into their business and market characteristics. In addition, this paper will discuss how Power BI can be applied to a variety of different business functions (e.g., marketing, finance, HR, and operations) and demonstrate how businesses can use it to monitor key performance indicators (KPIs), recognize trends and establish better strategic planning. Finally, this research paper will examine existing research literature relating to BI and data analytics to build a theoretical basis for the importance of Power BI in the BI category. The study also covers Power BI's benefits, such affordability, scalability, and user-friendliness, as well as its drawbacks, like difficulties integrating data and the requirement for technical know-how. The study's conclusions show that Power BI is essential for developing an organization's data-driven culture, increasing decision accuracy, and boosting overall company performance. To sum up, Power BI is more than simply a tool for data visualization; it is a strategic asset that helps businesses realize the full potential of their data and gain a long-term competitive edge in the contemporary business environment.
Hariandra Muthu, Lim Yaw Loong
This research paper explores the feasibility of employing handphones as light detectors in experiments related to the inverse square law. The inverse square law describes the relationship between the intensity of light and the distance from its source, which has significant implications in various fields including physics, astronomy, and photography. Leveraging the built-in capabilities of handphones, such as the camera sensor and computational power, offers a cost-effective and accessible approach to conduct experiments on light intensity measurements. This paper discusses the theoretical background of the inverse square law, outlines the experimental setup utilizing handphones as light detectors, presents experimental results, and discusses the implications and limitations of this approach.
Annie Marmol-Dado, Hersan C. Arciga
This study determined the effectiveness of strategic interventions implemented by secondary school mathematics teachers in improving the mathematics proficiency of learners’ at-risk with mathematical difficulties in public secondary schools in Paracale and Jose Panganiban Districts, Division of Camarines Norte. Using a quantitative descriptive-correlational design, the study involved 64 respondents, including 59 Mathematics teachers, 3 Master Teachers, and 2 Department Heads. It determined the types of interventions utilized, their level of utilization in terms of teacher adherence, adaptation, engagement, and monitoring, and their effectiveness in improving learners’ proficiency, engagement, attitude, and motivation. It also investigated relationships between utilization and effectiveness, identified challenges encountered, and proposed an intervention program. Findings revealed that strategic interventions were highly utilized (WM = 3.35), with teacher engagement (WM = 3.52) and monitoring of learners’ progress (WM = 3.49) rated highest. Effectiveness was generally high in terms of learners’ engagement, attitude, and motivation, but only moderately effective in improving proficiency (WM = 3.21). Significant positive relationships were found between utilization and effectiveness, particularly in teacher engagement and monitoring, while other variables showed mixed results. Teachers reported challenges related to learners’ engagement and attitude as the most significant barriers. The study concludes that while strategic interventions are widely implemented and effective in improving affective learning outcomes, their impact on proficiency remains limited. As a response, a Professional Development Program titled Enhancing Learners’ Motivation in Mathematics through Effective Pedagogy and Curriculum-Aligned Practices was proposed to strengthen instructional practices and address identified challenges.
Asreen Damiya Asmawi, Muhammad Faris Numan Abdul Karim, Nur Dina Danisha Abdul Aziz, Nur Qistina Alesha Mohamad Zamin, Nurulhuda Adabiah Mustafa
The increasing prevalence of e-cigarette smoking among the Malaysian youth has brought with it legal and social health problems. This paper comments on the legal environment that governs vaping in Malaysia, the Control of Smoking Products for Public Health Act 2024 (Act 582) and evaluates how effective it is in the current issue. The research employs a doctrinal approach of research, whereby relevant statutes and other scholarly and secondary materials are examined to analyse the current regulatory framework and its implementation. The findings show that even though Act 582 is a major move in the direction of a more detailed legal system, it fails because of major gaps in enforcement. The absence of regulations in online markets, the non-existence of age restrictions, and inconsistency in jurisdiction undermine the primary functions of the law. A comparative analysis to the prohibitive regulatory model in Singapore is also cited that effective enforcement of the clarity of the legislation should be accompanied by strict enforcement. The paper concludes that the current framework is a step in the right direction. Nevertheless, more systematic reforms are required to enhance enforcement and guard the health of the population and the younger generation, in particular.
Gennen C. Alviar, Judy Jane S. Revelo
Compassion fatigue among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses is a critical occupational concern shaped by emotional, physical, relational and environmental demands, necessitating a deeper understanding of how nurses experience and manage this phenomenon to sustain resilience, well-being, and compassionate care. This study explored the lived experiences of NICU nurses in government hospitals in the southern Philippines using an existential transcendental phenomenological design guided by Moustakas’ framework. Seven purposively selected nurses participated in semi-structured interviews, with data supplemented by field notes and analyzed through horizonalization, clustering of significant statements, textural and structural descriptions, and synthesis of the essence of the experience. Six major themes emerged: navigating emotional and physical demands while sustaining compassion; managing environmental pressures such as sensory overload and spatial intensity; the temporal development of resilience through repeated exposure to critical care; relational anchors including colleagues, patients, and families; material and technological aspects of care as both stressors and sources of hope; and the development of resilience and professional identity through experiential learning, reflective practice, and intentional self-care. Compassion fatigue was described as an embodied, relational and contextually situated experience influenced by organizational, environmental, and personal factors. Nurses mitigated its effects through adaptive coping strategies, relational support, and continuous professional growth. The findings highlight the need for supportive work environments, structured mentorship, stress-reduction interventions, and resilience training, while suggesting further multi-site research to enhance the transferability of results beyond the study’s limited sample and regional scope.
Tinatin Janjgava
This article examines Soviet Georgian political caricature with a focus on the normalization and aestheticization of violence. The study argues that caricature functioned as a mechanism for transforming violence into spectacle and entertainment, contributing to the erosion of empathy. Using art-historical and semiotic analysis, the research explores satirical journals such as Niangi and Tartarozi. It demonstrates that visual strategies including grotesque exaggeration, symbolic contrast, and dehumanization were used to legitimize aggression and shape ideological perception. The article concludes that caricature played a central role in constructing emotional responses aligned with Soviet propaganda. The case of Georgia is particularly insightful. Situated between Eastern Europe and Western Asia, the country developed an active satirical press during the late imperial and early Soviet periods. By the beginning of the twentieth century, caricature had become an important tool for discussing social inequality, local political issues, cultural tensions, and international relations. However, after Georgia was incorporated into the Soviet system, the role of satire changed. The new political regime did not remove humorous imagery but reshaped its purpose. Satire turned into a medium for spreading official ideology in a form that was understandable to the local population.
Aishwarya Prasad Dhakal, Bipana Devkota
Hospitality has often been conceptualized as a pathway to women's economic participation, visibility and mobility. This conceptualization however captures only a partial look to the hospitality sector. Hotels are also known for long working hours, emotionally taxing work, repeated contact with guests and hierarchical management structures, which have the potential to undermine the agency of women in the workplace and limit their career prospects. This study examines whether the work of frontline hotel in the Kathmandu Valley is more of a vehicle for empowerment or, on the other side of the spectrum, a style of exploitation for the women employees. A quantitative, cross sectional research design is used and four antecedents of perceived workplace empowerment are proposed, namely; pay equity, opportunities for career advancement, workplace harassment, and training support. A structured questionnaire including Likert-scale items was used to administer the questionnaire to the frontline female hotel staff. The article then presents the results of the analysis in accordance with the research design. Results show that the factors of pay equity and career advancement opportunities have positive and statistically significant effects on empowerment, while the factor of workplace harassment has a negative and significant impact on empowerment. Training support does not result in a statistically significant effect after controlling for pay equity, promotional prospects and harassment. The conclusion of the paper is that the inclusion of women in hospitality needs to be appraised by the intricacies of their daily working experiences and not just through aggregate employment figures.
Dr. Agrippina Lubeka, Pauline Muhonja, Prof. Charles O. Wafula
Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLAs) aim to improve women’s financial inclusion and household welfare in rural Kenya, yet evidence on how knowledge influences participation and how participation affects food security is limited. Objective: This study examined the association between women’s knowledge of VSLAs and membership, and the relationship between membership and household food security in Tausa Sub-Location, Taita Taveta County. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 464 women. Data included socio-demographic characteristics, VSLA knowledge, membership and household food security measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). Chi-square tests and t-tests explored associations between knowledge, participation and food security. Binary logistic regression identified association between knowledge and participation while ordered logistic regression and propensity score analysis assessed the association between membership and household food security.
Alian Bonny, Muhammad Hasmi Abu Hassan Asaari, Nasina Mat Desa
This study intends to examine the relationship between workplace bullying and work requirements towards work stress. It was conducted on customs officers in the eastern region of Malaysia. A total of 124 respondents were given a self-administered questionnaire towards getting their responses on the said variables. Data analysis was done using SPSS. The findings indicate that workplace bullying has a significant relationship with job stress. In addition, job demands also show a positive relationship with job stress. Therefore, the findings of this study are useful for academics and other researchers in examining issues related to workplace bullying, job demands, and job stress. The findings offer ideas or solutions to reduce workplace bullying and job demands that contribute to job stress.
Prof. John Ndikaru wa Teresia, Veronica Mpoyio Sasine
Youth unemployment remains a major global challenge and is strongly linked to rising levels of criminality, particularly in informal urban settlements. This study examined the relationship between youth unemployment and criminality in Mathare Sub-County, Nairobi, Kenya. The research was guided by Strain Theory and Social Learning Theory to explain how socioeconomic pressures influence youth involvement in crime. The study employed a survey research design using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected from youths aged 18–35 years through questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative data were analyzed through thematic content analysis. The findings indicated a strong association between youth unemployment and increased crime rates in the Mathare informal settlement. Many respondents lacked stable income and employment opportunities, exposing them to extreme poverty and making criminal activities such as robbery, drug trafficking, and prostitution alternative survival strategies. High unemployment also increased frustration, idle time, and exposure to delinquent peer groups. The study concludes that youth unemployment is a key driver of criminal activity in informal settlements. It recommends youth-focused education and skills training, fair recruitment practices, economic empowerment programs, and job creation policies as essential strategies for reducing unemployment and crime among youths.