Public Participation in Sustainable Development Programs: Examining Public Participation Methods and Levels at Pustaka Negeri Sarawak

Abstract

Public participation is crucial for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This empowers individuals and communities to participate actively in decision-making and to contribute to the development and implementation of sustainable policies and initiatives. The integration of diverse viewpoints, local expertise, and community feedback improves both the decision-making process and the implementation of sustainable development. Public participation fosters varied perspectives and a sense of collective responsibility. Individuals are more likely to support and participate in sustainable development programs when given the opportunity to participate in decision-making processes. The Malaysian Peninsula has been the primary focus of study on public participation in Malaysia. Sarawak, situated in Malaysia's Bornean region, has received less attention in this study. This research utilised a case study methodology, incorporating a focus group discussion with members of the sustainability team of Pustaka Negeri Sarawak. This research project aims to examine the methods and levels of public participation in sustainable development programs initiated and collaborated on by Pustaka Negeri Sarawak. The Eight Rungs Ladder of Citizen Engagement, developed by Arnstein, and the Spectrum of Participation, established by the International Association of Public Participation, will support the discussion on the evaluation of public participation in diverse sustainable development initiatives at Pustaka Negeri Sarawak. The most significant instance of participatory governance within Pustaka’s portfolio is the People Accessible Network for Digital Empowerment and Inclusivity (PANDei) which occupies the pinnacle of both models’ empowerment in Arnstein’s Ladder and empower in the IAP2 Spectrum. This study is significant as it may enhance our understanding of public participation in sustainable development programs in Pustaka Negeri Sarawak and contribute to the wider recognition of public participation in sustainable development practices in the region.