ICT Education for Indigenous Communities in Malaysia: A Conceptual Review on Needs, Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) education has become an essential component of sustainable development, particularly in ensuring equitable and inclusive access to quality learning opportunities for marginalised communities. This conceptual review examines the necessity of ICT education among the Indigenous Orang Asli communities in Malaysia by analysing how digital literacy, technological exposure, and cultural adaptation intersect with broader goals of community empowerment. While earlier debates centred on whether Indigenous learners require ICT integration, current developments highlight its growing importance for accessing global knowledge, enhancing socio-economic opportunities, and preserving cultural heritage in digital formats. Findings from the literature suggest that ICT education functions not only as a tool for academic learning but also as a pathway for Indigenous empowerment, participation, and self-determination within contemporary society. ICT exposure enables Orang Asli communities to bridge the digital divide, strengthen cultural resilience, and adapt to the demands of an increasingly technology-driven economy. This review further identifies key factors supporting ICT inclusion, including access, culturally responsive pedagogies, and community-driven digital initiatives. Ultimately, ICT education must be positioned as a fundamental need rather than an optional resource, ensuring that Orang Asli learners are equipped with the competencies required to thrive while safeguarding their cultural identity. This paper proposes that aligning Indigenous cultural values with ICT integration is vital for achieving meaningful digital participation and fostering long-term community sustainability