China’s Presence in Nigeria 2000-2025: Trade, Infrastructure Development, Diplomatic Relationship, and Its Impacts

Abstract

This study critically examines China’s presence in Nigeria’s domestic affairs and its implementation towards development in Sino-Nigerian diplomatic relations from 2000 to 2025. China’s economic engagement with Nigeria, characterized by investment, infrastructure development, and trade expansion, has been praised for promoting economic growth and fostering a win-win diplomatic relationship, but criticized for insufficient attention to maintaining financial stability. By analyzing bilateral agreements, investment trends, labor practices, and international business ethics frameworks, this paper examines whether China’s presence in Nigeria creates exploitative business environments or impedes regulatory oversight. Drawing on secondary data sources, including government reports, academic studies, and news articles, the study reveals a complex interaction of economic development. Findings indicate that while China’s investments have accelerated infrastructure and industrial growth, they have also exposed Nigeria to trade imbalances and environmental concerns. This paper concludes by offering policy recommendations that balance economic collaboration, emphasizing regulatory reforms, transparency, and strategic engagement with global financial institutions to reduce over-dependence on Chinese loans and ensure sustainable development.