The Language of Pro Wrestling: A Speech Act Analysis on a Promo between a “Face” and a “Heel”

Abstract

The research examines how language functions as a performative tool in professional wrestling by analysing a WWE promo between Cody Rhodes and Roman Reigns using Searle’s (1969) Speech Act Theory. The research had two main objectives: (1) to identify the types of speech acts used by both wrestlers, and (2) to compare the frequency of the speech acts used by each. A qualitative content analysis approach was used, and the promo was transcribed and categorised into Searle’s five types of speech acts. The results revealed that both wrestlers used four speech act types which were assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive and declarative speech act was absent. Cody Rhodes, as the face, relied more on assertive and expressive acts that reflected humility and respect, whereas Roman Reigns, as the heel, used more directives and insults to show authority and dominance. These findings suggest that professional wrestling promos use speech acts not only for entertainment but also to construct moral contrast and narrative tension between characters.