Barriers to Learning Management System Usage in Higher Education: A Mixed-Methods Study in Malaysia

Abstract

Learning Management Systems (LMS) have become integral to higher education worldwide, yet their effective use is often hindered by various barriers. This mixed-methods study examines the key barriers to LMS usage in a Malaysian higher education context, integrating quantitative survey data with qualitative insights from interviews. The research identifies multiple impediments including limited digital literacy and confidence among users, inadequate training and technical support, infrastructure weaknesses (such as unreliable internet connectivity and insufficient access to devices), and a misalignment of LMS with existing pedagogical practices. Quantitative results indicate that a majority of instructors and students face challenges in these areas, while qualitative findings provide depth, revealing issues like resistance to change and preference for traditional teaching methods. The findings align with broader international literature and underscore that technical adoption alone does not guarantee effective LMS integration. This study highlights the need for comprehensive strategies – from improving user training and institutional support to upgrading infrastructure and encouraging pedagogical innovation – in order to overcome barriers and fully realize the potential of LMS in higher education.