The Subversion of Social Constraints to Female Education in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Buchi Emecheta’s Second-Class Citizen

Abstract

This article discusses female education and punishment in Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre and Buchi Emecheta’s Second-Class Citizen, and considers the novelists as writers who do not only advocate for the education and empowerment of the woman, particularly the girl child but also shed light on the societal punishments and limitations imposed on them. In other words, the article shows that both authors emphasize the significance of education in empowering girls and promoting personal growth while critiquing societal restrictions and punishments that girls who desire education face. To both novelists, limited access to education for the girl child, patriarchal oppression and social stigma which characterize(d) Victorian and the post independent African societies serve as containments that attempt to suppress potentially subversive feminist narratives. Using new historicist approach, and drawing from Michel Foucault’s Discipline and Punishent, and his observations on the nature and purpose of punishment to show both novelists’ destabilization of class and gender hierarchies, the work offers insights into the contentious relationship between British fin de siècle and postcolonial African societies on the one hand, and the education of the girl child on the other hand, thereby questioning the authenticity and representation of society as a disciplinary unit, leading to the conclusion that Bronte and Emeheta harbor a social and cultural agenda with focus on female education.