Performance Evaluation of Concrete Incorporating Cow Dung Ash and Eggshell Powder as Cement Substitutes

Abstract

This study investigates the use of Cow Dung Ash (CDA) and Eggshell Powder (ESP) as partial cement replacements in M20 concrete. Experimental results indicate that optimum replacement at 7.5–10% (combined CDA+ESP) improves compressive strength up to 36 MPa at 28 days compared to 32 MPa for control mix. Workability decreases with increasing replacement. The study confirms the potential of CDA and ESP as sustainable materials in concrete production.