Effectiveness of Body-Worn Cameras and Alternative Recording Devices in Law Enforcement Operations: Basis for Policy Enhancement

Abstract

The increasing public scrutiny of police practices and the growing demand for transparency and accountability have led to the adoption of technological innovations such as Body-Worn Cameras (BWCs) and Alternative Recording Devices (ARDs) in law enforcement. These tools are designed to document police-citizen interactions, enhance evidence collection, and improve operational efficiency. In the Philippines, their implementation was reinforced through Supreme Court A.M. No. 21-06-08-SC and Philippine National Police (PNP) operational policies. Despite their widespread adoption, the effectiveness of BWCs and ARDs remains a subject of ongoing evaluation due to mixed findings in existing studies and various operational challenges.
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of BWCs and ARDs in selected police sub-stations in North Caloocan City during the academic year 2025–2026. Specifically, it examined their impact on police operations, police assistance, police response, court presentation, and public perception. It also identified the challenges encountered by law enforcement personnel and proposed recommendations for policy enhancement. The study employed a quantitative descriptive research design using purposive sampling, with 150 respondents composed of patrollers, investigators, and stakeholders. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency distribution, weighted mean, ranking, and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Findings revealed that BWCs and ARDs were generally assessed as very effective, particularly in improving documentation accuracy, accountability, decision-making, and the credibility of court evidence. However, their effectiveness in enhancing public trust and reducing citizen complaints was moderate. Key challenges identified included high acquisition and maintenance costs, storage limitations, inconsistent device activation, and privacy concerns. The study concludes that BWCs and ARDs are valuable tools in promoting transparency, accountability, and professionalism in policing. However, their effectiveness depends on proper implementation, financial sustainability, and efficient data management. It is recommended that law enforcement agencies adopt standardized protocols, strengthen training programs, ensure sustainable funding, enhance data security, and promote public awareness. Continuous monitoring and further research are encouraged to improve long-term effectiveness.